[php-src] Issue #22280: False positive on goto+finally

Issue: https://github.com/php/php-src/issues/22280
Author: woodholly

### Description

Affected:   PHP 8.2
Not affected: PHP 8.4.21 (compiles and runs fine)

```php
<?php
goto d;
try { } catch (\Throwable) { }
d: try { } finally { }
```

Resulted in this output:
```
PHP Fatal error:  jump out of a finally block is disallowed in /tmp/repro.php on line 2
```

But I expected this output instead:
```
```


### PHP Version

```plain
php -v
PHP 8.2.31 (cli) (built: May  8 2026 07:20:38) (NTS)
Copyright (c) The PHP Group
Zend Engine v4.2.31, Copyright (c) Zend Technologies
    with Zend OPcache v8.2.31, Copyright (c), by Zend Technologies
```

### Operating System

Debian 12