cvs: phpdoc-ar /language variables.xml

Index: phpdoc-ar/language/variables.xml
+++ phpdoc-ar/language/variables.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="WINDOWS-1256"?>
<!-- $Revision: 1.1 $ -->
<!-- EN-Revision: 1.70 Maintainer: hafid Status: working -->
 <chapter id="language.variables">
  <title>ÇáãõÊÛíøöÑÇÊ</title>
  
  <sect1 id="language.variables.basics">
   <title>ÃÓÇÓíÇÊ</title>

   <simpara>
    ÊõãóËøóáõ ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ Ýí PHP ãä ÎáÇá ÑãÒ ÇáÏæáÇÑ ãÊÈæÚÇ 
    ÈÅÓã ÇáãÊÛíøöÑ. íÊÓã ÅÓã ÇáãÊÛíøöÑ Èßæäå ãÊÍÓøöÓÇ áÍÇáÉ ÇáÍÑæÝ (case-sensitive).
   </simpara>

   <para>
    ÊÊÈÚ ÃÓãÇÁ ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ äÝÓ ÞæÇÚÏ ÇáÊøóÓãíÇÊ (labels) ÇáÃÎÑì Ýí PHP. 
    ÅÓã ãÊÛíøöÑ ÕÇáÍ íÈÏà ÈÍÑÝ Ãæ ÔÑØÉ ÓÝáíøÉ (underscore)¡ ãÊÈæÚÇ 
    ÈÃí ÚÏÏ ãä ÇáÍÑæÝ¡ ÇáÃÚÏÇÏ Ãæ ÇáÔøóÑØÇÊ ÇáÓøõÝáíøÉ (underscores). ÈÇÚÊÈÇÑå 
    ÚÈÇÑÉ ÇÚÊíÇÏíøÉ (regular expression)¡ ÝÅäøå íãßä ÇáÊøóÚÈíÑ ÚäåÇ åßÐÇ: 
    '[a-zA-Z_\x7f-\xff][a-zA-Z0-9_\x7f-\xff]*'
   </para>
   
   <note>
    <simpara>
     áåÐå ÇáÃÛÑÇÖ¡ ÝÅäø ÇáÍÑÝ íÊãËá Ýí a-z¡ A-Z æßÐÇ ÍÑæÝ ASCII
     ãä 127 Åáì ÛÇíÉ 255 (0x7f-0xff).
    </simpara>
   </note>

   <para>
    <informalexample>
     <programlisting role="php"> 
<![CDATA[
<?php
$var = "ÍÝíÙ";
$Var = "ÕáÇÍ";
echo "$var¡ $Var";      // ÇáãõÎÑÌ åæ "ÍÝíÙ¡ ÕáÇÍ"

$4site = 'áíÓ ÈÚÏ';     // ÛíÑ ÕÇáͺ íÈÏà ÈÚÏÏ 
$_4site = 'áíÓ ÈÚÏ';    // ÕÇáͺ íÈÏà ÈÔÑØÉ ÓÝáíøÉ (underscore) 
$täyte = 'mansikka';    // ÕÇáͺ 'ä' åæ ASCII 228 (ãõæóÓøóÚ).
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </informalexample>
   </para>

   <para>
    Ýí PHP 3¡ ÏÇÆãÇ ãÇ íÊã ÊÚííä (assigned) ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ãä ÎáÇá ÞíãÉ. íÚäí åÐÇ 
    Ãäøå ÚäÏãÇ ÊÞæã ÈÊÚííä (assign) ÚÈÇÑÉ (expression) áãÊÛíøöÑ¡ ÝÅäøå íÊã äÓÎ ÇáÞíãÉ ÇáßáøöíøóÉ 
    ááÚÈÇÑÉ ÇáÃÕáíøÉ Åáì ÇáãÊÛíøöÑ 
    ÇáæõÌåÉ. íÚäí åÐÇ¡ æÚáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá¡ Ãäøå ÈÚÏ ÊÚííä (assigning) ÞíãÉ 
    ãÊÛíøöÑ ãÇ áÂÎÑ¡ ÝÅäø ÊÛííÑ ÃÍÏ åÐå ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ÓæÝ 
    áä íßæä áå ÊÃËíÑÇ Úáì ÇáÂÎÑ. áãÒíÏ ãä ÇáãÚáæãÇÊ ÈÎÕæÕ åÐÇ ÇáäøæÚ ãä 
    ÇáÊøóÚííä (assignment)¡ ÇÓÊÚÑÖ ÇáÝÕá ÇáãÊÚáÞ ÈÜ <link
    linkend="language.expressions">ÇáÚÈÇÑÇÊ (Expressions)</link>.
   </para>
   <para>
    ÊõæóÝøöÑ PHP 4 ØÑíÞÉ ÃÎÑì áÊÚííä (assign) Þíã áãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ: 
    <link linkend="language.references">ÇáÊøóÚííä ÈÇáÅÍÇáÉ (assign by reference)</link>. 
    íÚäí åÐÇ Ãäø ÇáãÊÛíøöÑ ÇáÌÏíÏ¡ æÈÈÓÇØÉ¡ ÓíÍíá  (ÈÚÈÇÑÇÊ ÃÎÑì¡  
    "íÕÈÍ ÅÓãÇ ãõäÊóÍóáÇ (alias) áÜ" Ãæ "íõÔíÑ Åáì") Åáì ÇáãÊÛíøöÑ ÇáÃÕáíø. 
    ÊÄËÑ ÇáÊøóÛííÑÇÊ ÇáØøÇÑÆÉ Úáì ÇáãõÊóÛóíøöÑ ÇáÌÏíÏ Ýí ÇáãÊÛíøöÑ ÇáÃÕáíø¡ æÇáÚßÓ ÕÍíÍ. 
    íÚäí åÐÇ ÃíÖÇ Ãäøå áä ÊÊã ÃíÉ ÚãáíÉ äÓκ æåßÐÇ¡ ÝÅäø ÇáÊøóÚííä (assignment) 
    íÍÏË ÈÔßá ÃÓÑÚ. ãÚ Ðáß¡ ÝÅäø Ãí ÊÓÑíÚ¡ Úáì ãÇ íÙåÑ¡ ÓíÊã ÇáÊøóäÈíå Åáíå 
    ÝÞØ Ýí ÇáÍáÞÇÊ ÇáãÔÏæÏÉ (tight loops) Ãæ ÚäÏ ÊÚííä (assigning) 
    <link linkend="language.types.array">ãÕÝæÝÇÊ (arrays)</link> Ãæ 
    <link linkend="language.types.object">ßÇÆäÇÊ (objects)</link> ßÈíÑÉ.
   </para>
   <para>
    ÈÛÑÖ ÇáÊøÚííä ÈÇáÅÍÇáÉ (assign by reference)¡ ÝÞØ ÇÓÊåá (prepend) ÇáãÊÛíøöÑ ÇáÌÇÑí ÊÚííäå (ÇáãÊÛíøöÑ ÇáãÕÏÑíø - source variable) 
    ÈæÇæ ÊÌÇÑíøÉ (&amp;)  
    Úáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá: ÇáãÞÊØÝ ÇáÊøÇáíø ãä ÇáÔøöíÝÑÉ ÓíÓÊÕÏÑ ÇáãõÎúÑóÌ 'ÅÓãí 
    åæ ãÞÏÓí' ãÑÊíä:

    <informalexample>
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$foo = 'ãÞÏÓí';              // íõÚíøöä (assign) ÇáÞíãÉ 'ãÞÏÓí' Åáì $foo
$bar = &$foo;              // íÍíá Åáì (Reference) $foo ÚÈÑ $bar.
$bar = "ÅÓãí åæ $bar";  // ÈÚÏ $bar...
echo $bar;
echo $foo;                 // $foo íÊã ÊÍæíÑåÇ (alter) ÃíÖÇ.
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </informalexample>
   </para>

   <para>
    åäÇß ÔíÁ ãåã íÌÏÑ ÇáÊøóäÈíå Åáíå æåæ Ãäøå ÝÞØ ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ÇáãõÓãÇÉ (named variables) åí ÇáÊøí íãßä 
    ÊÚííäåÇ ÈÇáÅÍÇáÉ (assigned by reference).
    <informalexample>
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$foo = 25;
$bar = &$foo;      // åÐÇ ÊÚííä ÕÇáÍ (valid assignment).
$bar = &(24 * 7);  // ÛíÑ ÕÇáÍ (Invalid)º íÍíá (references) Åáì ÚÈÇÑÉ ÛíÑ ãÓãÇÉ (unnamed expression).

function test()
{
   return 25;
}

$bar = &test();    // ÛíÑ ÕÇáÍ.
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </informalexample>
   </para>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="language.variables.predefined">
   <title>ÇáãÊÛíÑÇÊ ÇáãÚÑÝÉ ãÓÈÞÇ (Predefined variables)</title>
   
   <simpara>
    ÊõÞÏøöã PHP ÚÏÏ ßÈíÑÇ ãä ÇáãÊÛíÑÇÊ ÇáãÚÑÝÉ ãÓÈÞÇ áÃí ÎÇØæØ 
    ÊõÔÛøöáõå. ãÚ Ðáß¡ ÝÅäø ÇáÚÏíÏ ãä åÐå ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ áÇ íãßä 
    ÊæËíÞåÇ ÈÔßá ßÇãá ÈÇÚÊÈÇÑ ÃäåÇ ÊÇÈÚÉ (dependent) áäæÚ ÇáÎÇÏã ÇáÌÇÑí ÊÔÛíáå¡ 
    ÇáÅÕÏÇÑÉ æÊäÕíÈ ÇáÎÇÏã æÚæÇãá ÃÎÑì. ÈÚÖ åÐå 
    ÇáãÊÛíÑÇÊ áä Êßæä ãÊÇÍÉ ÚäÏãÇ íÊã ÊÔÛíá PHP ãä 
    <link linkend="features.commandline">ÓØÑ ÇáÃæÇãÑ</link>. 
    ááÍÕæá Úáì áÇÆÍÉ ÈåÐå ÇáãÊÛíÑÇÊ¡ ÑÌÇÁð¡ ÇÓÊÚÑÖ ÇáÝÕá ÇáãÊÚáÞ ÈÜ 
    <link linkend="reserved.variables">ÇáãÊÛíÑÇÊ ÇáãÚÑÝÉ ãÓÈÞÇ æÇáãÍÌæÒÉ (Reserved Predefined Variables)</link>.
   </simpara>

   <warning>
    <simpara>
     Ýí PHP 4.2.0 æãÇ ÊÈÚåÇ¡ ÝÅäø ÇáÞíãÉ ÇáÅÝÊÑÇÖíøÉ áÊæÌíå PHP <link
     linkend="ini.register-globals">register_globals</link> åí 
     <emphasis>off</emphasis>. íÚÊÈÑ åÐÇ ÊÛííÑÇ ÃÓÇÓíøÇ Ýí PHP. Åäø ÇáÊøæÝÑ Úáì 
     register_globals æåí <emphasis>off</emphasis> íÄËÑ Ýí ãÌãæÚÉ ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ÇáãÚÑÝÉ ãÓÈÞÇ 
     æÇáãÊÇÍÉ Ýí ÇáãÏì ÇáÔøóÇãá (global scope). Úáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá¡ ááÍÕæá Úáì 
     <varname>DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname>¡ ÓÊÓÊÎÏã 
     <varname>$_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT']</varname> ÈÏáÇ ãä 
     <varname>$DOCUMENT_ROOT</varname> Ãæ <varname>$_GET['id']</varname> ÅäØáÇÞÇ ãä 
     ãÍÏøöÏ ÇáãæÑÏ ÇáãÊÔÇßá (URL) <literal>http://www.example.com/test.php?id=3</literal> ÈÏáÇ 
     ãä <varname>$id</varname> Ãæ <varname>$_ENV['HOME']</varname> ÈÏáÇ ãä 
     <varname>$HOME</varname>.
    </simpara>
    <simpara>
     ááÍÕæá Úáì ãÚáæãÇÊ ÐÇÊ ÕáÉ ÈÎÕæÕ åÐÇ ÇáÊøóÛííÑ¡ ÇÞÑà ãõÏúÎóá ÇáÊøóåíÆÉ (configuration entry) áÜ 
     <link linkend="ini.register-globals">register_globals</link>¡ ÝÕá ÇáÃãä 
     ÇáãÊÚáÞ ÈÜ <link linkend="security.registerglobals">ÇÓÊÎÏÇã Register Globals
     </link>ÅÚáÇäÇÊ äóÔÑ PHP <ulink url="&url.php.release4.1.0;">4.1.0
     </ulink> æ <ulink url="&url.php.release4.2.0;">4.2.0</ulink> 
     .
    </simpara>
    <simpara>
     íõÝÖøóá ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ãÇ åæ ãÊÇÍ ãä ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ãõÚóÑøóÝóÉ ãÓÈÞÇ æãÍÌæÒÉ¡ ãËá 
     <link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">ÇáãÕÝæÝÇÊ ÇáÝÇÆÞÉ ÇáÔøõãæá (superglobal arrays)</link> 
     .
    </simpara>
   </warning>

   <simpara>
    ÅÈÊÏÇÁð ãä ÇáÅÕÏÇÑÉ 4.1.0 ÝÕÇÚÏÇð¡ ÃÕÈÍÊ PHP ÊõÞóÏøöã ãÌãæÚÉ ÅÖÇÝíøÉ ãä ÇáãÕÝæÝÇÊ ÇáãõÚóÑøóÝóÉ ãÓÈÞÇ (predefined arrays) 
    ÊÍÊæí ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ÅäØáÇÞÇ ãä ÇáÎÇÏã ÇáÔøõÚíø (Åä ÞÈá ÇáÊøóØÈíÞ)¡ 
    ÇáÈíÆÉ (environment) æãõÏúÎáÇÊ ÇáãÓÊÎÏã (user input). ÊÊÓã åÐå ÇáãÕÝæÝÇÊ ÇáÌÏíÏÉ ÈßæäåÇ ÎÇÕÉ¡ Åáì ÍÏø ãÇ¡ 
    ãä ÍíË ÃäøåÇ Êßæä ÔÇãáÉ Úáì äÍæ Âáíø --Ãí ÃäøåÇ Êßæä 
    ãÊæÝÑÉ Úáì äÍæ Âáíø Ýí ßáø ãÏì (scope). áåÐÇ ÇáÓøóÈÈ¡ ÝÅäøóåÇ ÛÇáÈÇ ãÊ ÊÚÑÝ ÈÜ 
    'ÇáÔøóÇãáÇÊ ÇáÂáíøÉ - autoglobals' Ãæ 'ÇáÔøóÇãáÇÊ ÇáÝÇÆÞÉ - superglobals'. (áÇ ÊæÌÏ ÂáíÉ Ýí PHP áÃÌá 
    ÇáÔøóÇãáÇÊ ÇáÝÇÆÞÉ ÇáãõÚóÑøóÝÉ ãä ÞÈá ÇáãÓÊÎÏã - user-defined superglobals.) ÊæÌÏ ÇáÔøóÇãáÇÊ ÇáÝÇÆÞÉ Ýí ÇáÃÓÝá æåí ãõÏæøóäóÉ Ýí áÇÆÍɺ 
    ãÚ Ðáß¡ æááÍÕæá Úáì áÇÆÍÉ ÈãÍÊæíÇÊåÇ æáäÞÇÔ ÃÚãÞ ÈÎÕæÕ 
    ãÊÛíÑÇÊ PHP ÇáãÚÑÝÉ ãÓÈÞÇ æØÈíÚÊåÇ¡ ÑÌÇÁð ÇÓÊÚÑÖ ÝÕá 
    <link linkend="reserved.variables">ÇáãÊÛíÑÇÊ ÇáãÚÑÝÉ ãÓÈÞÇ æÇáãÍÌæÒÉ (Reserved Predefined Variables)</link>.  
    ßÐáß¡ ÝÅäøóß ÓÊáÇÍÙ ßíÝ Ãä ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ÇáãÚÑÝÉ ãÓÈÞÇ ÇáÞÏíãÉ 
    (<varname>$HTTP_*_VARS</varname>) áÇ ÒÇáÊ ãæÌæÏÉ.

    &avail.register-long-arrays;
   </simpara>
   
   <note>
    <title>ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÉ (Variable variables)</title>
    <para>
     áÇ íãßä ÇÓÊÎÏÇã ÇáÔøóÇãáÇÊ ÇáÝÇÆÞÉ ßÜ
     <link linkend="language.variables.variable">ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ãÊÛíøöÑÉ (variable variables)</link>.
    </para>
   </note>

   <para>
    ÅÐÇ áã íÊã ÊÍÏíÏ ÈÚÖ ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ Ýí <link
    linkend="ini.variables-order">variables_order</link>¡ ÝÅäø 
    ãÇ íÞÇÈáåÇ ãä ãÕÝæÝÇÊ PHP ÇáãÚÑÝÉ ãÓÈÞÇ ÇáãáÇÆãÉ íÊã ÊÑßåÇ ÝÇÑÛÉ ÃíÖÇ. 
   </para>

   <variablelist id="language.variables.superglobals">
    <title>ÔÇãáÇÊ PHP ÇáÝÇÆÞÉ (PHP Superglobals)</title>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><link linkend="reserved.variables.globals">$GLOBALS</link></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       ÊÍÊæí Úáì ÅÍÇáÉ (reference) Åáì ßá ãÊÛíøöÑ íÊæÝÑ ÍÇáíÇ 
       Öãä ÇáãÏì ÇáÔøóÇãá (global scope) ÇáÎÇÕ ÈÇáÎÇØæØ (script). ãÝÇÊíÍ åÐå ÇáãÕÝæÝÉ 
       (keys of array) åí ÃÓãÇÁ ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ÇáÔøóÇãáÉ (global variables).
       æõÌöÏóÊ <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> ãäÐ PHP 3.
      </simpara>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><link linkend="reserved.variables.server">$_SERVER</link></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ãõÍÏøóÏóÉ ãä ÞÈá ÇáÎÇÏã ÇáÔøõÚíø Ãæ ãÇ ÚÏÇ Ðáß ãÑÊÈØ ãÈÇÔÑÉ 
       ÈÈíÆÉ ÊäÝíÐ ÇáÎÇØæØ ÇáÌÇÑíø. ãËáãÇ ÇáÍÇá 
       ãÚ ãÕÝæÝÉ <varname>$HTTP_SERVER_VARS</varname> ÇáÞÏíãÉ (ÇáÊøí áÇ 
       ÊÒÇá ãÊæÝÑÉ¡ áßä ãäÞæÕÉ ÇáÞíãÉ "deprecated").
      </simpara>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><link linkend="reserved.variables.get">$_GET</link></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ íõÒóæøóÏ ÈåÇ ÇáÎÇØæØ ÚÈÑ HTTP GET. ãËáãÇ ÇáÍÇá ãÚ 
       ãÕÝæÝÉ <varname>$HTTP_GET_VARS</varname> ÇáÞÏíãÉ (ÇáÊøí áÇ ÊÒÇá 
       ãÊæÝÑÉ¡ áßä ãäÞæÕÉ ÇáÞíãÉ "deprecated").
      </simpara>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><link linkend="reserved.variables.post">$_POST</link></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ íõÒóæøóÏ ÈåÇ ÇáÎÇØæØ ÚÈÑ HTTP POST. ãËáãÇ ÇáÍÇá ãÚ 
       ãÕÝæÝÉ <varname>$HTTP_POST_VARS</varname> ÇáÞÏíãÉ (ÇáÊøí áÇ ÊÒÇá 
       ãÊæÝÑÉ¡ áßä ãäÞæÕÉ ÇáÞíãÉ "deprecated").
      </simpara>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><link linkend="reserved.variables.cookies">$_COOKIE</link></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ íõÒóæøóÏ ÈåÇ ÇáÎÇØæØ ÚÈÑ ãáÝÇÊ ÇÑÊÈÇØ HTTP (HTTP cookies). ãËáãÇ ÇáÍÇá ãÚ 
       ãÕÝæÝÉ <varname>$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS</varname> ÇáÞÏíãÉ (ÇáÊøí áÇ 
       ÊÒÇá ãÊæÝÑÉ¡ áßä ãäÞæÕÉ ÇáÞíãÉ "deprecated").
      </simpara>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><link linkend="reserved.variables.files">$_FILES</link></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ íõÒóæøóÏ ÈåÇ ÇáÎÇØæØ ÚÈÑ ÊÕÚíÏÇÊ ÇáãáÝÇÊ (file uploads) ÈæÇÓØÉ HTTP post. 
       ãËáãÇ ÇáÍÇá ãÚ 
       ãÕÝæÝÉ <varname>$HTTP_POST_FILES</varname> ÇáÞÏíãÉ (ÇáÊøí áÇ ÊÒÇá 
       ãÊæÝÑÉ¡ áßä ãäÞæÕÉ ÇáÞíãÉ "deprecated"). ÇÓÊÚÑÖ <link
       linkend="features.file-upload.post-method">ÇáÊøóÕÚíÏÇÊ ÈæÇÓØÉ ãäåÌ POST (POST method 
        uploads)</link> æÐáß ááÍÕæá Úáì ãÒíÏ ãä ÇáãÚáæãÇÊ.
      </simpara>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><link linkend="reserved.variables.environment">$_ENV</link></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ íõÒóæøóÏ ÈåÇ ÇáÎÇØæØ ÚÈÑ ÇáÈíÆÉ. ãËáãÇ ÇáÍÇá 
       ãÚ ãÕÝæÝÉ <varname>$HTTP_ENV_VARS</varname> ÇáÞÏíãÉ (ÇáÊøí áÇ 
       ÊÒÇá ãÊæÝÑÉ¡ áßä ãäÞæÕÉ ÇáÞíãÉ "deprecated").
      </simpara>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><link linkend="reserved.variables.request">$_REQUEST</link></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ íõÒóæøóÏ ÈåÇ ÇáÎÇØæØ ÚÈÑ ÂáíÇÊ ÅÏÎÇá (input mechanisms) GET¡ POST æ COOKIE 
       æåí ÈÐáß áÇ íãßä ÇáæËæÞ ÈåÇ. Åäøó æÌæÏ 
       æÊÑÊíÈ ÊÖãíä ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ (order of variable inclusion) Ýí åÐå ÇáãÕÝæÝÉ íÊã ÊÚÑíÝå ÈÍÓÈ 
       ÊæÌíå ÊåíÆÉ (configuration directive) PHP <link linkend="ini.variables-order">variables_order</link>. 
       áÇ ÊÊæÝÑ åÐå ÇáãÕÝæÝÉ Úáì äÙíÑ ãÈÇÔÑ Ýí ÅÕÏÇÑÇÊ 
       PHP ÇáÓøóÇÈÞÉ áÜ 4.1.0. ÇÓÊÚÑÖ ÃíÖÇ 
       <function>import_request_variables</function>.
      </simpara>
      <caution>
       <simpara>
        ÅÚÊÈÇÑÇð ãä PHP 4.3.0¡ áã ÊÚÏ ãÚáæãÇÊ FILE ÅäØáÇÞÇ ãä <varname>$_FILES</varname> 
        ãæÌæÏÉ Ýí <varname>$_REQUEST</varname>.
       </simpara>
      </caution>
      <note>
       <simpara>
        ÚäÏ ÇáÊøóÔÛíá ãä <link linkend="features.commandline">ÓØÑ ÇáÃæÇãÑ (command line)
        </link>¡ ÝÅäø åÐÇ <emphasis>áä</emphasis> íÊÖãä ãõÏúÎóáÇÊ 
        <varname>argv</varname> æ <varname>argc</varname>º ÊÊæÇÌÏ åÐå 
        Ýí ãÕÝæÝÉ <varname>$_SERVER</varname>.
       </simpara>
      </note> 
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
    <varlistentry>
     <term><link linkend="reserved.variables.session">$_SESSION</link></term>
     <listitem>
      <simpara>
       ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ãõÓÌáÉ ÍÇáíÇ Ýí ÌáÓÉ 
       ÇáÎÇØæØ. ãËáãÇ ÇáÍÇá ãÚ ãÕÝæÝÉ 
       <varname>$HTTP_SESSION_VARS</varname> ÇáÞÏíãÉ (ÇáÊøí áÇ ÊÒÇá 
       ãÊæÝÑÉ¡ áßä ãäÞæÕÉ ÇáÞíãÉ "deprecated"). ÇÓÊÚÑÖ ÝÕá <link
       linkend="ref.session">ÏæÇá ÇáÊøóÚÇãá ãÚ ÇáÌáÓÇÊ (Session handling functions)</link> 
       æÐáß ááÍÕæá Úáì ãÒíÏ ãä ÇáãÚáæãÇÊ. 
      </simpara>
     </listitem>
    </varlistentry>
   </variablelist>

  </sect1>


  <sect1 id="language.variables.scope">
   <title>ãÏì ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ (Variable scope)</title>

   <simpara>
    ãÏì ãÊÛíøöÑ åæ ÇáÓøöíÇÞ ÇáÐí ÊõÚÑøóÝ Öãäå. 
    ÈÇáäøöÓÈÉ áãÚÙã ãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ PHP¡ íæÌÏ ãÏì ÃæÍÏ ÝÞØ. 
    íãÊÏ åÐÇ ÇáãÏì ÇáÃæÍÏ (single scope) Åáì ÇáãáÝÇÊ ÇáãÊÖãäÉ æÇáãØáæÈÉ ßÐáß. Úáì ÓÈíá 
    ÇáãËÇá: 
   </simpara>
   <informalexample>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$a = 1;
include "b.inc";
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </informalexample>
   <simpara>
    åäÇ¡ Óíßæä ÇáãÊÛíøöÑ <varname>$a</varname> ãÊæÝÑÇ Öãä 
    ÎÇØæØ <filename>b.inc</filename> ÇáãõÊóÖøóãóä. ãÚ Ðáß¡ ÝÅäøóå Öãä 
    ÏæÇá ãõÚóÑøóÝóÉ ãä ÞÈá ÇáãÓÊÎÏã (user-defined functions) íÊã ÅÏÑÇÌ ãÏì ÏÇáÉ ãÍáíø (local function scope). Ãí 
    ãÊÛíøöÑ íÓÊÎÏã Öãä ÏÇáÉ åæ ãÍÏæÏ¡ æÈÕæÑÉ ÇÝÊÑÇÖíøÉ¡ ÈãÏì ÇáÏøóÇáÉ 
    ÇáãÍáíø. Úáì ÓÈíá ÇáãËÇá: 
   </simpara>
    
   <informalexample>
    <programlisting role="php"> 
<![CDATA[
<?php
$a = 1; /* ãÏì ÔÇãá (global scope) */ 

function Test()
{ 
    echo $a; /* ÅÍÇáÉ Åáì ãÊÛíøöÑ ãÏì ãÍáíø (reference to local scope variable) */ 
} 

Test();
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </informalexample>

   <simpara>
    åÐÇ ÇáÎÇØæØ áä íõäúÊöÌó Ãíøó ãõÎúÑóÌ áÃäøó ÈáÇÛ (statement) echo 
    íÍíá (refer) Åáì ÅÕÏÇÑÉ ãÍáíøÉ ãä ãÊÛíøöÑ <varname>$a</varname> 
    æáã ÊõÚíøóä áå ÞíãÉ Öãä åÐÇ ÇáãÏì. íãßä 
    Ãä ÊáÇÍÙ Ãäøó åÐÇ ãÎÊáÝ ÔíÆÇ ãÇ Úä áÛÉ C ãä 
    ÍíË Ãäøó ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ÇáÔøóÇãáÉ (global variables) Ýí C ÊÊæÝÑ ÂáíÇ 
    áÃÌá ÇáÏøóæÇá ÅáÇ ÅÐÇ ÓõÍöÞóÊ Úáì äÍæ ÎÇÕ ãä ÞÈá ÊÚÑíÝ ãÍáíø (local definition).
    íãßä áåÐÇ Ãä íÊÓÈÈ Ýí ÈÚÖ ÇáãÔÇßá ãä ÍíË Ãä íãßä ááÈÚÖ Ãä íÛíÑ¡ Úä ÛíÑ ÞÕÏ¡ 
    ãÊÛíøöÑÇð ÔÇãáÇ (global variable). Ýí PHP¡ íÌÈ Ãä ÊõÕóÑøóÍ ÇáãÊÛíøöÑÇÊ ÇáÔøóÇãáÉ 
    Úáì ÃäøóåÇ ÔÇãáÉ (global) ÏÇÎá ÏÇáÉ Åä ßÇä ÓíÊã ÇÓÊÎÏÇãåÇ Ýí 
    Êáß ÇáÏøóÇáÉ. 
   </simpara>
       
   <sect2 id="language.variables.scope.global">
    <title>ÇáßáãÉ ÇáãÝÊÇÍíøÉ global</title>
    <simpara>
     First, an example use of <literal>global</literal>:
    </simpara>
    <para>
     <example>
      <title>Using global</title>
      <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$a = 1;
$b = 2;

function Sum()
{
    global $a, $b;

    $b = $a + $b;
} 

Sum();
echo $b;
?>
]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
    </para>

   <simpara>
    The above script will output &quot;3&quot;.  By declaring
    <varname>$a</varname> and <varname>$b</varname> global within the
    function, all references to either variable will refer to the
    global version.  There is no limit to the number of global
    variables that can be manipulated by a function.
   </simpara>

   <simpara>
    A second way to access variables from the global scope is to use
    the special PHP-defined <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> array.  The
    previous example can be rewritten as:
   </simpara>
   <para>
    <example>
     <title>Using <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> instead of global</title>
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$a = 1;
$b = 2;

function Sum()
{
    $GLOBALS["b"] = $GLOBALS["a"] + $GLOBALS["b"];
} 

Sum();
echo $b;
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </example>
   </para>

   <simpara>
    The <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> array is an associative array with
    the name of the global variable being the key and the contents of
    that variable being the value of the array element.
    Notice how <varname>$GLOBALS</varname> exists in any scope, this 
    is because $GLOBALS is a <link
    linkend="language.variables.superglobals">superglobal</link>.
    Here's an example demonstrating the power of superglobals: 
   </simpara>
   <para>
    <example>
     <title>Example demonstrating superglobals and scope</title>
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
function test_global()
{
    // Most predefined variables aren't "super" and require 
    // 'global' to be available to the functions local scope.
    global $HTTP_POST_VARS;
    
    print $HTTP_POST_VARS['name'];
    
    // Superglobals are available in any scope and do 
    // not require 'global'.  Superglobals are available 
    // as of PHP 4.1.0
    print $_POST['name'];
}
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </example>
   </para>
  </sect2>
 
  <sect2 id="language.variables.scope.static">
   <title>Using static variables</title>
   <simpara>
    Another important feature of variable scoping is the
    <emphasis>static</emphasis> variable.  A static variable exists
    only in a local function scope, but it does not lose its value
    when program execution leaves this scope.  Consider the following
    example:
   </simpara>
   <para>
    <example>
     <title>Example demonstrating need for static variables</title>
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
function Test ()
{
    $a = 0;
    echo $a;
    $a++;
}
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </example>
   </para>
   <simpara>
    This function is quite useless since every time it is called it
    sets <varname>$a</varname> to <literal>0</literal> and prints
    &quot;0&quot;.  The <varname>$a</varname>++ which increments the
    variable serves no purpose since as soon as the function exits the
    <varname>$a</varname> variable disappears.  To make a useful
    counting function which will not lose track of the current count,
    the <varname>$a</varname> variable is declared static:
   </simpara>
   <para>
    <example>
     <title>Example use of static variables</title>
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
function Test()
{
    static $a = 0;
    echo $a;
    $a++;
}
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </example>
   </para>
   <simpara>
    Now, every time the Test() function is called it will print the
    value of <varname>$a</varname> and increment it.
   </simpara>

   <simpara>
    Static variables also provide one way to deal with recursive
    functions. A recursive function is one which calls itself.  Care
    must be taken when writing a recursive function because it is
    possible to make it recurse indefinitely.  You must make sure you
    have an adequate way of terminating the recursion.  The following
    simple function recursively counts to 10, using the static
    variable <varname>$count</varname> to know when to stop:
   </simpara>
   <para>
    <example>
     <title>Static variables with recursive functions</title>
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
function Test()
{
    static $count = 0;

    $count++;
    echo $count;
    if ($count < 10) {
        Test ();
    }
    $count--;
}
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </example>
   </para>

    <note>  
     <para>  
       Static variables maybe declared as seen in the examples above. 
       Trying to assign values to these variables which are the 
       result of expressions will cause a parse error.
     </para> 
     <para>  
      <example>
       <title>Declaring static variables</title>
       <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
function foo(){
    static $int = 0;          // correct 
    static $int = 1+2;        // wrong  (as it is an expression)
    static $int = sqrt(121);  // wrong  (as it is an expression too)

    $int++;
    echo $int;
}
?>
]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
    </para> 
   </note> 			
  </sect2>

  <sect2 id="language.variables.scope.references">
   <title>References with global and static variables</title>
   <simpara>
    The Zend Engine 1, driving <literal>PHP4</literal>, implements the
    <link linkend="language.variables.scope.static">static</link> and 
    <link linkend="language.variables.scope.global">global</link> modifier 
    for variables in terms of <link linkend="language.references">
    references</link>. For example, a true global variable
    imported inside a function scope with the <literal>global</literal>
    statement actually creates a reference to the global variable. This can
    lead to unexpected behaviour which the following example addresses:
   </simpara>

   <informalexample>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
function test_global_ref() {
    global $obj;
    $obj = &new stdclass;
}

function test_global_noref() {
    global $obj;
    $obj = new stdclass;
}

test_global_ref();
var_dump($obj);
test_global_noref();
var_dump($obj);
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </informalexample>

   <simpara>
    Executing this example will result in the following output:
   </simpara>

   <screen>
NULL
object(stdClass)(0) {
}
   </screen>

   <simpara>
    A similar behaviour applies to the <literal>static</literal> statement.
    References are not stored statically:
   </simpara>
   
   <informalexample>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
function &get_instance_ref() {
    static $obj;

    echo "Static object: ";
    var_dump($obj);
    if (!isset($obj)) {
        // Assign a reference to the static variable
        $obj = &new stdclass;
    }
    $obj->property++;
    return $obj;
}

function &get_instance_noref() {
    static $obj;

    echo "Static object: ";
    var_dump($obj);
    if (!isset($obj)) {
        // Assign the object to the static variable
        $obj = new stdclass;
    }
    $obj->property++;
    return $obj;
}

$obj1 = get_instance_ref();
$still_obj1 = get_instance_ref();
echo "\n";
$obj2 = get_instance_noref();
$still_obj2 = get_instance_noref();
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </informalexample>

   <simpara>
    Executing this example will result in the following output:
   </simpara>

   <screen>
Static object: NULL
Static object: NULL

Static object: NULL
Static object: object(stdClass)(1) {
  ["property"]=>
  int(1)
}
   </screen>

   <simpara>
    This example demonstrates that when assigning a reference to a static
    variable, it's not <emphasis>remembered</emphasis> when you call the
    <literal>&amp;get_instance_ref()</literal> function a second time.
   </simpara>
   </sect2>
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="language.variables.variable">
   <title>Variable variables</title>

   <simpara>
    Sometimes it is convenient to be able to have variable variable
    names.  That is, a variable name which can be set and used
    dynamically.  A normal variable is set with a statement such as:
   </simpara>

   <informalexample>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$a = "hello";
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </informalexample>

   <simpara>
    A variable variable takes the value of a variable and treats that
    as the name of a variable.  In the above example,
    <emphasis>hello</emphasis>, can be used as the name of a variable
    by using two dollar signs. i.e.
   </simpara>

   <informalexample>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$$a = "world";
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </informalexample>

   <simpara>
    At this point two variables have been defined and stored in the
    PHP symbol tree: <varname>$a</varname> with contents "hello" and
    <varname>$hello</varname> with contents "world".  Therefore, this
    statement:
   </simpara>

   <informalexample>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
echo "$a ${$a}";
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </informalexample>

   <simpara>
    produces the exact same output as:
   </simpara>

   <informalexample>
    <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
echo "$a $hello";
?>
]]>
    </programlisting>
   </informalexample>

   <simpara>
    i.e. they both produce: <computeroutput>hello world</computeroutput>.
   </simpara>

   <simpara>
    In order to use variable variables with arrays, you have to
    resolve an ambiguity problem.  That is, if you write
    <varname>$$a[1]</varname> then the parser needs to know if you
    meant to use <varname>$a[1]</varname> as a variable, or if you
    wanted <varname>$$a</varname> as the variable and then the [1]
    index from that variable.  The syntax for resolving this ambiguity
    is: <varname>${$a[1]}</varname> for the first case and
    <varname>${$a}[1]</varname> for the second.
   </simpara>
   
   <warning>
    <simpara>
     Please note that variable variables cannot be used with PHP's 
     <link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">Superglobal arrays</link>.
     This means you cannot do things like <varname>${$_GET}</varname>. If you are 
     looking for a way to handle availability of superglobals and the old
     <varname>HTTP_*_VARS</varname>, you might want to try 
     <link linkend="language.references">referencing</link> them.
    </simpara>
   </warning>
  
  </sect1>

  <sect1 id="language.variables.external">
   <title>Variables from outside PHP</title>
   
   <sect2 id="language.variables.external.form">
    <title>HTML Forms (GET and POST)</title>

    <simpara>
     When a form is submitted to a PHP script, the information from 
     that form is automatically made available to the script.  There 
     are many ways to access this information, for example:
    </simpara>

    <para>
     <example>
      <title>A simple HTML form</title>
      <programlisting role="html">
<![CDATA[
<form action="foo.php" method="POST">
    Name:  <input type="text" name="username"><br>
    Email: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
    <input type="submit" name="submit" value="Submit me!">
</form>
]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
    </para>

    <para>
     Depending on your particular setup and personal preferences, there 
     are many ways to access data from your HTML forms.  Some examples are:
    </para>
    
    <para>
     <example>
      <title>Accessing data from a simple POST HTML form</title>
      <programlisting role="html">
<![CDATA[
<?php 
// Available since PHP 4.1.0

   print $_POST['username'];
   print $_REQUEST['username'];

   import_request_variables('p', 'p_');
   print $p_username;

// Available since PHP 3.  As of PHP 5.0.0, these long predefined
// variables can be disabled with the register_long_arrays directive.

   print $HTTP_POST_VARS['username'];

// Available if the PHP directive register_globals = on.  As of 
// PHP 4.2.0 the default value of register_globals = off.
// Using/relying on this method is not preferred.

   print $username;
?>
]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
    </para>
    <para>
     Using a GET form is similar except you'll use the appropriate
     GET predefined variable instead.  GET also applies to the
     QUERY_STRING (the information after the '?' in an URL).  So,
     for example, <literal>http://www.example.com/test.php?id=3</literal>
     contains GET data which is accessible with <varname>$_GET['id']</varname>.
     See also <link linkend="reserved.variables.request">$_REQUEST</link> and 
     <function>import_request_variables</function>.
    </para>

    <note>
     <para>
      <link linkend="language.variables.superglobals">Superglobal arrays</link>, 
      like <varname>$_POST</varname> and <varname>$_GET</varname>, became 
      available in PHP 4.1.0
     </para>
    </note>

    <para>
     As shown, before PHP 4.2.0 the default value for <link
     linkend="ini.register-globals">register_globals</link>
     was <emphasis>on</emphasis>.  And, in PHP 3 it was always on.  The PHP 
     community is encouraging all to not rely on this directive 
     as it's preferred to assume it's <emphasis>off</emphasis> and code 
     accordingly.
    </para>

    <note>
     <para>
      The <link linkend="ini.magic-quotes-gpc">magic_quotes_gpc</link> 
      configuration directive affects Get, Post and Cookie values.  If 
      turned on, value (It's "PHP!") will automagically become (It\'s \"PHP!\").
      Escaping is needed for DB insertion.  See also 
      <function>addslashes</function>, <function>stripslashes</function> and 
      <link linkend="ini.magic-quotes-sybase">magic_quotes_sybase</link>.
     </para>
    </note>
    
    <simpara>
     PHP also understands arrays in the context of form variables 
     (see the <link linkend="faq.html">related faq</link>).  You may, 
     for example, group related variables together, or use this 
     feature to retrieve values from a multiple select input.  For 
     example, let's post a form to itself and upon submission display 
     the data:
    </simpara>

    <para>
     <example>
      <title>More complex form variables</title>
      <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
if (isset($_POST['action']) && $_POST['action'] == 'submitted') {
    print '<pre>';
    print_r($_POST);
    print '<a href="'. $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] .'">Please try again</a>';

    print '</pre>';
} else {
?>
<form action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>" method="POST">
    Name:  <input type="text" name="personal[name]"><br>
    Email: <input type="text" name="personal[email]"><br>
    Beer: <br>
    <select multiple name="beer[]">
        <option value="warthog">Warthog</option>
        <option value="guinness">Guinness</option>
        <option value="stuttgarter">Stuttgarter Schwabenbräu</option>
    </select><br>
    <input type="hidden" name="action" value="submitted">
    <input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit me!">
</form>
<?php
}
?>
]]>
      </programlisting>
     </example>
    </para>

    <para>
     In PHP 3, the array form variable usage is limited to
     single-dimensional arrays. In PHP 4, no such restriction applies.
    </para>

    <sect3 id="language.variables.external.form.submit">
     <title>IMAGE SUBMIT variable names</title>

     <simpara>
      When submitting a form, it is possible to use an image instead
      of the standard submit button with a tag like:
     </simpara>

     <informalexample>
      <programlisting role="html">
<![CDATA[
<input type="image" src="image.gif" name="sub">
]]>
      </programlisting>
     </informalexample>

     <simpara>
      When the user clicks somewhere on the image, the accompanying
      form will be transmitted to the server with two additional
      variables, sub_x and sub_y. These contain the coordinates of the
      user click within the image.  The experienced may note that the
      actual variable names sent by the browser contains a period
      rather than an underscore, but PHP converts the period to an
      underscore automatically.
     </simpara>
    </sect3>

   </sect2>

   <sect2 id="language.variables.external.cookies">
    <title>HTTP Cookies</title>

    <simpara>
     PHP transparently supports HTTP cookies as defined by <ulink
     url="&spec.cookies;">Netscape's Spec</ulink>.  Cookies are a
     mechanism for storing data in the remote browser and thus
     tracking or identifying return users.  You can set cookies using
     the <function>setcookie</function> function.  Cookies are part of
     the HTTP header, so the SetCookie function must be called before
     any output is sent to the browser.  This is the same restriction
     as for the <function>header</function> function.  Cookie data 
     is then available in the appropriate cookie data arrays, such 
     as <varname>$_COOKIE</varname>, <varname>$HTTP_COOKIE_VARS</varname> 
     as well as in <varname>$_REQUEST</varname>.  See the 
     <function>setcookie</function> manual page for more details and 
     examples.
    </simpara>

    <simpara>
     If you wish to assign multiple values to a single cookie variable, you 
     may assign it as an array.  For example:
    </simpara>

    <informalexample>
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
  setcookie("MyCookie[foo]", "Testing 1", time()+3600);
  setcookie("MyCookie[bar]", "Testing 2", time()+3600);
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </informalexample>
    
    <simpara>
     That will create two separate cookies although MyCookie will now 
     be a single array in your script.  If you want to set just one cookie 
     with multiple values, consider using <function>serialize</function> or 
     <function>explode</function> on the value first.
    </simpara>

    <simpara>
     Note that a cookie will replace a previous cookie by the same
     name in your browser unless the path or domain is different.  So,
     for a shopping cart application you may want to keep a counter
     and pass this along.  i.e.
    </simpara>

    <example>
     <title>A <function>setcookie</function> example</title>
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
if (isset($_COOKIE['count'])) {
    $count = $_COOKIE['count'] + 1;
} else {
    $count = 1;
}
setcookie("count", $count, time()+3600);
setcookie("Cart[$count]", $item, time()+3600);
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
    </example>

   </sect2>

   <sect2 id="language.variables.external.dot-in-names">
    <title>Dots in incoming variable names</title>

    <para>
     Typically, PHP does not alter the names of variables when they
     are passed into a script. However, it should be noted that the
     dot (period, full stop) is not a valid character in a PHP
     variable name. For the reason, look at it:
     <programlisting role="php">
<![CDATA[
<?php
$varname.ext;  /* invalid variable name */
?>
]]>
     </programlisting>
     Now, what the parser sees is a variable named
     <varname>$varname</varname>, followed by the string concatenation
     operator, followed by the barestring (i.e. unquoted string which
     doesn't match any known key or reserved words) 'ext'. Obviously,
     this doesn't have the intended result.
    </para>

    <para>
     For this reason, it is important to note that PHP will
     automatically replace any dots in incoming variable names with
     underscores.
    </para>

   </sect2>

   <sect2 id="language.variables.determining-type-of">
    <title>Determining variable types</title>

    <para>
     Because PHP determines the types of variables and converts them
     (generally) as needed, it is not always obvious what type a given
     variable is at any one time.  PHP includes several functions
     which find out what type a variable is, such as:
     <function>gettype</function>, <function>is_array</function>,
     <function>is_float</function>, <function>is_int</function>,
     <function>is_object</function>, and
     <function>is_string</function>.  See also the chapter on 
     <link linkend="language.types">Types</link>.
    </para>
   </sect2>

  </sect1>
     
 </chapter>
 
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