Re: potential dereference of garbage pointer in brcmfmac USB driver

On 5/9/2025 6:41 PM, [email protected] wrote:
> A malicous USB device pretending to be a broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac
> wifi interface can generate a firmware signalling frame that causes
> brcmf_fws_hdrpull() to make skb->cb->reorder point into the frame
> data:
> 
>          signal_data = skb->data;
>          ...;
>                  data = signal_data + 2;
>                  ...;
>                  case BRCMF_FWS_TYPE_HOST_REORDER_RXPKTS:
>                          rd = (struct brcmf_skb_reorder_data *)skb->cb;
>                          rd->reorder = data;
> 
> Later on, brcmf_fws_rxreorder() pulls cur_idx out of the frame and
> uses it as an index without checking that it's in bounds (< rfi->maxIdx):
> 
>          reorder_data = ((struct brcmf_skb_reorder_data *)pkt->cb)->reorder;
>          ...;
>                  cur_idx = reorder_data[BRCMF_RXREORDER_CURIDX_OFFSET];
>                  ...;
>                                  brcmu_pkt_buf_free_skb(rfi->pktslots[cur_idx]);
> 
> I've attached a usbip-based demo that generates a frame with this content:
> 
>       0x20    0x00    0x00    0x0d    0x00    0x00    0x0e   0x0e
>       0x00    0x00    0x00    0x00    0x04    0x00    0x80   0x00
> 
> The 0x80 causes cur_idx to be 128.
> 
> # uname -a
> Linux ubuntu66 6.15.0-rc5-00136-g9c69f8884904 #19 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Fri May  9 11:51:44 EDT 2025 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
> # cc usbbc3b.c
> # ./a.out
> ...
>   Oops: general protection fault, probably for non-canonical address 0xcccccc00746e6572: 0000 [#1] SMP PTI
>   CPU: 4 UID: 0 PID: 4818 Comm: vhci_rx Tainted: G        W           6.15.0-rc5-00136-g9c69f8884904 #19 PREEMPT(voluntary)
>   Tainted: [W]=WARN
>   Hardware name: FreeBSD BHYVE/BHYVE, BIOS 14.0 10/17/2021
>   RIP: 0010:brcmu_pkt_buf_free_skb+0x9/0x30
>   Code: 00 00 00 48 89 d8 5b 5d c3 cc cc cc cc 0f 1f 40 00 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 90 f3 0f 1e fa 48 85 ff 74 10 <48> 83 3f 00 75 0f be 02 00 00 00 e9 57 85 1f 00 c3 cc cc cc cc 90
>   RSP: 0018:ffffb3378075bd38 EFLAGS: 00010286
>   RAX: 0000000000000080 RBX: ffff9156068049c0 RCX: ffffb3378075bd00
>   RDX: ffffffffa8411808 RSI: ffffffffa7f44f90 RDI: cccccc00746e6572
>   RBP: ffffb3378075bdb0 R08: ffffffffa779c05b R09: ffff915602f7c8e0
>   R10: 0000000000000080 R11: 0000000000000004 R12: ffffb3378075bd60
>   R13: ffff9156025a9090 R14: 0000000000000080 R15: ffff915607cab840
>   FS:  0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9159869d6000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
>   CS:  0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
>   CR2: 00007fbd5f8e8210 CR3: 0000000102e42002 CR4: 00000000003706f0
>   DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
>   DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
>   Call Trace:
>    <TASK>
>    brcmf_fws_rxreorder+0x562/0x610
>    ? brcmf_rx_frame+0x8c/0x130
>    ? __pfx_brcmf_proto_bcdc_rxreorder+0x10/0x10
>    brcmf_rx_frame+0x8c/0x130
>    brcmf_usb_rx_complete+0xee/0x130
>    __usb_hcd_giveback_urb+0x8f/0x100
>    vhci_rx_loop+0x3fb/0x480
>    ? __pfx_vhci_rx_loop+0x10/0x10
>    kthread+0xf6/0x1f0
>    ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
>    ret_from_fork+0x2f/0x50
>    ? __pfx_kthread+0x10/0x10
>    ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30
>    </TASK>
>   Modules linked in:
>   ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
> 
> A gdb back-trace (on a different machine):
> 
> #0  brcmu_pkt_buf_free_skb (skb=0xa56b6b6b6b6b6b6b)
>      at drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmutil/utils.c:34
> #1  0xffffffff809ea198 in brcmf_fws_rxreorder (ifp=<optimized out>,
>      pkt=0xffffffd602f58940)
>      at drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/fwsignal.c:1751
> #2  0xffffffff809e809a in brcmf_proto_bcdc_rxreorder (ifp=<optimized out>,
>      skb=<optimized out>)
>      at drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/bcdc.c:403
> #3  0xffffffff809e309e in brcmf_proto_rxreorder (skb=0xffffffd602f58940,
>      ifp=<optimized out>)
>      at drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/proto.h:114
> #4  brcmf_rx_frame (dev=<optimized out>, skb=skb@entry=0xffffffd602f58940,
>      handle_event=handle_event@entry=true, inirq=inirq@entry=true)
>      at drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/core.c:510
> #5  0xffffffff809f5b2e in brcmf_usb_rx_complete (urb=0xffffffd6038041c0)
>      at drivers/net/wireless/broadcom/brcm80211/brcmfmac/usb.c:528
> #6  0xffffffff80b3f292 in __usb_hcd_giveback_urb (
>      urb=urb@entry=0xffffffd6038041c0) at drivers/usb/core/hcd.c:1650
> #7  0xffffffff80b3f3d0 in usb_hcd_giveback_urb (
>      hcd=hcd@entry=0xffffffd603dbc000, urb=urb@entry=0xffffffd6038041c0,
>      status=<optimized out>) at drivers/usb/core/hcd.c:1734
> #8  0xffffffff80be9fa2 in vhci_recv_ret_submit (pdu=0xffffffc6002f3dd8,
>      vdev=0xffffffd603dbc2d0) at drivers/usb/usbip/vhci_rx.c:107

Hi Robert,

Thanks for notifying us about this issue. Will come up with a patch and 
give proper attribution for this.

Regards,
Arend
Regards,
Arend