Re: [PATCH] host/roots: Sandbox xdg-desktop-portal-spectrum-host

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Message-ID: <[email protected]>
Date: Mon, 15 Dec 2025 03:54:25 -0500
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Subject: Re: [PATCH] host/roots: Sandbox xdg-desktop-portal-spectrum-host
To: =?UTF-8?Q?G=C3=BCnther_Noack?= <[email protected]>,
 =?UTF-8?Q?Micka=C3=ABl_Sala=C3=BCn?= <[email protected]>
Cc: Alyssa Ross <[email protected]>,
 Spectrum OS Development <[email protected]>,
 [email protected], [email protected],
 "Ryan B. Sullivan" <[email protected]>,
 =?UTF-8?Q?G=C3=BCnther_Noack?= <[email protected]>
References: <[email protected]>
 <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
 <[email protected]> <[email protected]>
Content-Language: en-US
From: Demi Marie Obenour <[email protected]>
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On 12/15/25 03:20, G=C3=BCnther Noack wrote:
> On Sun, Dec 14, 2025 at 08:50:45PM +0100, Micka=C3=ABl Sala=C3=BCn wrot=
e:
>> On Sat, Dec 13, 2025 at 11:49:11PM -0500, Demi Marie Obenour wrote:
>>> On 12/13/25 20:39, Alyssa Ross wrote:
>>>> Demi Marie Obenour <[email protected]> writes:
>>>>
>>>>> On 12/13/25 16:42, Alyssa Ross wrote:
>>>>>> Demi Marie Obenour <[email protected]> writes:
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> On 12/13/25 14:12, Alyssa Ross wrote:
>>>>>>>> Demi Marie Obenour <[email protected]> writes:
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> It is quite possible that these Landlock rules are unnecessaril=
y
>>>>>>>>> permissive, but all of the paths to which read and execute acce=
ss is
>>>>>>>>> granted are part of the root filesystem and therefore assumed t=
o be
>>>>>>>>> public knowledge.  Removing access from any of them would only =
increase
>>>>>>>>> the risk of accidental breakage in the future, and would not pr=
ovide any
>>>>>>>>> security improvements.  seccomp *could* provide some improvemen=
ts, but
>>>>>>>>> the effort needed is too high for now.
>>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>>> Signed-off-by: Demi Marie Obenour <[email protected]>
>>>>>>>>> ---
>>>>>>>>>  .../template/data/service/xdg-desktop-portal-spectrum-host/run=
    | 8 ++++++++
>>>>>>>>>  1 file changed, 8 insertions(+)
>>>>>>>>
>>>>>>>> Are you sure this is working as intended?  There's no rule allow=
ing
>>>>>>>> access to Cloud Hypervisor's VSOCK socket, and yet it still seem=
s to be
>>>>>>>> able to access that.  Don't you need to set a rule that *restric=
ts*
>>>>>>>> filesystem access and then add holes?  Did you ever see this den=
y
>>>>>>>> anything?
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> 'man 1 setpriv' states that '--landlock-access fs' blocks all
>>>>>>> filesystem access unless a subsequent --landlock-rule permits it.=

>>>>>>> I tried running with no --landlock-rule flags and the execve of
>>>>>>> xdg-desktop-portal-spectrum-host failed as expected.
>>>>>>>
>>>>>>> The socket is passed over stdin, and I'm pretty sure Landlock
>>>>>>> doesn't restrict using an already-open file descriptor.
>>>>>>> xdg-desktop-portal-spectrum-host does need to find the path to th=
e
>>>>>>> socket, but I don't think it ever accesses that path.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> I've been looking into this a bit myself, and from what I can tell=

>>>>>> Landlock just doesn't restrict connecting to sockets at all, even =
if
>>>>>> they're inside directories that would otherwise be inaccessible.  =
It's
>>>>>> able to connect to both Cloud Hypervisor's VSOCK socket and the D-=
Bus
>>>>>> socket even with a maximally restrictive landlock rule.  So you we=
re
>>>>>> right after all, sorry!
>>>>>
>>>>> That's not good at all!  It's a trivial sandbox escape in so many c=
ases.
>>>>> For instance, with access to D-Bus I can just call `systemd-run`.
>>>>>
>>>>> I'm CCing the Landlock and LSM mailing lists because if you are
>>>>> correct, then this is a bad security hole.
>>>>
>>>> I don't find it that surprising given the way landlock works.  "conn=
ect"
>>>> (to a non-abstract AF_UNIX socket) is not an operation there's a
>>>> landlock action for, and it's not like the other actions care about
>>>> access to parent directories and the like =E2=80=94 I was able to ex=
ecute a
>>>> program via a symlink after only giving access to the symlink's targ=
et,
>>>> without any access to the directory containing the symlink or the
>>>> symlink itself, for example.  Landlock, as I understand it, is inten=
ded
>>>> to block a specified set of operations (on particular file hierarchi=
es),
>>>> rather than to completely prevent access to those hierarchies like
>>>> permissions or mount namespaces could, so the lack of a way to block=

>>>> connecting to a socket is more of a missing feature than a security
>>>> hole.
>>>
>>> 'man 7 unix' states:
>>>
>>> On  Linux,  connecting to a stream socket object requires write
>>> permission on that socket; sending a datagram to a datagram socket
>>> likewise requires write permission on that socket.
>>>
>>> Landlock is definitely being inconsistent with DAC here.  Also, this
>>> allows real-world sandbox breakouts.  On systemd systems, the simples=
t
>>> way to escape is to use systemd-run to execute arbitrary commands.
>>
>> The Linux kernel is complex and the link between the VFS and named UNI=
X
>> sockets is "special" (see the linked GitHub issue).  Landlock doesn't
>> handle named UNIX sockets yet for the same reason it doesn't handle so=
me
>> other kind of kernel resources or access rights: someone needs to
>> implement it (including tests, doc...).  There is definitely interest =
to
>> add this feature, it has been discussed for some time, but it's not
>> trivial.  It is a work in progress though:
>> https://github.com/landlock-lsm/linux/issues/36
>=20
> Agreed, this would be the change that would let us restrict connect()
> on AF_UNIX sockets.
>=20
> Additionally, *in the case that you do not actually need* Unix
> sockets, the other patch set that would be of interest is the one for
> restricting the creation of new socket FDs:
> https://github.com/landlock-lsm/linux/issues/6
>=20
> In this talk in 2014, I explained my mental model around the
> network-related restrictions:
> https://youtu.be/K2onopkMhuM?si=3DLCObEX6HhGdzPnks&t=3D2030
>=20
> The discussed socket control feature continues to be a central missing
> piece, as the TCP port restrictions do not make much sense as long as
> you can still create sockets for other protocol types.
>=20
> Issue #6 that should fix this is still under active development -- an
> updated version of the patch was posted just last month.
>=20
> To bridge the gap, the same thing can also be emulated with seccomp,
> but as you noted above as well in this thread, this is harder.
>=20
> =E2=80=93G=C3=BCnther

I'm a bit surprised that this needs to be separate from other access
controls.  To me, it seems like a bit of a misdesign in the core kernel
(not Landlock).

I would go as far as to state that enabling other filesystem
restrictions should also restrict AF_UNIX filesystem sockets
automatically, as that is what users and administrators will expect.

What surprises me somewhat is that Linux does not have any sort of
unified hook for filesystem path walks.  My mental model of Landlock
is that from a filesystem perspective, the result should be equivalent
to creating an empty mount namespace, putting a tmpfs on its root,
and bind-mounting the allowed paths.  That this mental model does
not match reality was quite surprising.
--=20
Sincerely,
Demi Marie Obenour (she/her/hers)
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Content-Type: application/pgp-signature; name="OpenPGP_signature.asc"
Content-Description: OpenPGP digital signature
Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="OpenPGP_signature.asc"

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