Re: [PATCH v14 21/22] KVM: selftests: Add ucall support for TDX

On 7/23/2026 7:13 AM, Lisa Wang wrote:
> From: Ackerley Tng <[email protected]>
> 
> Implement TDX ucall using TDCALL-based MMIO to pass the ucall address
> from the VM to the host.
> 
> In standard KVM selftests, ucall uses a PIO instruction as a trigger
> to exit to the host, which then retrieves the ucall address by reading
> the guest's RDI register. This approach is incompatible with TDX
> because the host cannot access guest registers.
> 
> Furthermore, PIO exits only expose 4 bytes of immediate data, which
> is insufficient for a 8-byte ucall address. By using TDCALL-based MMIO,
> the VM can share the full 8-byte address in a single exit without
> refactoring the common ucall framework and other non-x86 architectures.
> 
> Signed-off-by: Ackerley Tng <[email protected]>
> Co-developed-by: Sagi Shahar <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Sagi Shahar <[email protected]>
> Co-developed-by: Lisa Wang <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Lisa Wang <[email protected]>
> ---
>   tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/ucall.h |  6 -----
>   tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/ucall.c     | 33 +++++++++++++++++++++++++
>   2 files changed, 33 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)
> 
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/ucall.h b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/ucall.h
> index 0e4950041e3e..7e54ec2c1a45 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/ucall.h
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/include/x86/ucall.h
> @@ -2,12 +2,6 @@
>   #ifndef SELFTEST_KVM_UCALL_H
>   #define SELFTEST_KVM_UCALL_H
>   
> -#include "kvm_util.h"
> -
>   #define UCALL_EXIT_REASON       KVM_EXIT_IO

This seems to leave the potential issue for future since x86 now 
supports different EXIT_REASON for UCALL.

> -static inline void ucall_arch_init(struct kvm_vm *vm, gpa_t mmio_gpa)
> -{
> -}
> -
>   #endif
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/ucall.c b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/ucall.c
> index e7dd5791959b..7a954b2d0bdd 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/ucall.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/kvm/lib/x86/ucall.c
> @@ -5,11 +5,35 @@
>    * Copyright (C) 2018, Red Hat, Inc.
>    */
>   #include "kvm_util.h"
> +#include "tdx/tdx.h"
> +#include "tdx/tdx_util.h"
>   
>   #define UCALL_PIO_PORT ((u16)0x1000)
>   
> +/* HPET address is guaranteed to be unused for ucall MMIO */
> +#define UCALL_MMIO_GPA 0xfed00000
> +
> +static u8 vm_type;
> +static gpa_t ucall_mmio_gpa;
> +
> +void ucall_arch_init(struct kvm_vm *vm, gpa_t mmio_gpa)
> +{
> +	vm_type = vm->type;
> +	sync_global_to_guest(vm, vm_type);

It works and it looks simple. But we have the architectural approach to 
test if a guest is TD guest, by checking the CPUID 0x21.

Since checking CPUID 0x21 is not complex, and as a bonus it can help 
test if TDX module behaves correctly for CPUID leaf 0x21, I think we 
should switch to use CPUID 0x21 to check if it is TDX VM in guest code?

> +	if (is_tdx_vm(vm)) {
> +		ucall_mmio_gpa = UCALL_MMIO_GPA | vm->arch.s_bit;

So the passed-in @mmio_gpa is not used. Why cannot use the mmio_gpa,

   slot0->region.guest_phys_addr + slot0->region.memory_size

chosen by __vm_create()?

> +		sync_global_to_guest(vm, ucall_mmio_gpa);
> +	}
> +}
> +
>   void ucall_arch_do_ucall(gva_t uc)
>   {
> +	if (vm_type == KVM_X86_TDX_VM) {
> +		tdx_mmio_write(ucall_mmio_gpa, sizeof(gva_t), uc);
> +		return;
> +	}
> +
>   	/*
>   	 * FIXME: Revert this hack (the entire commit that added it) once nVMX
>   	 * preserves L2 GPRs across a nested VM-Exit.  If a ucall from L2, e.g.
> @@ -46,6 +70,15 @@ void *ucall_arch_get_ucall(struct kvm_vcpu *vcpu)
>   {
>   	struct kvm_run *run = vcpu->run;
>   
> +	if (vm_type == KVM_X86_TDX_VM) {
> +		if (run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_MMIO &&
> +		    run->mmio.phys_addr == UCALL_MMIO_GPA &&
> +		    run->mmio.len == sizeof(gva_t) &&
> +		    run->mmio.is_write)
> +			return (void *)(*((gva_t *)run->mmio.data));
> +		return NULL;
> +	}
> +
>   	if (run->exit_reason == KVM_EXIT_IO && run->io.port == UCALL_PIO_PORT) {
>   		struct kvm_regs regs;
>   
>