[PATCH v4 12/16] WIP: tools: testing: Add unit tests for HugeTLB subpool functions

Ackerley Tng via B4 Relay <[email protected]> Wed, 22 Jul 2026 16:41:20 -0700
Newsgroups org.kernel.vger.cgroups,org.kernel.feeds.b4-sent,org.kernel.vger.linux-doc,org.kernel.vger.linux-kernel,org.kvack.linux-mm
Message-ID <20260722-hugetlb-alloc-failure-fixes-v4-12-88e8b81970dc@google.com>
From: Ackerley Tng <[email protected]>

Introduce unit tests for HugeTLB subpool functions to exercise subpool
functions. Set testing up so that tests can be run directly from userspace.

Reuses the private kernel struct hugepage_subpool struct layout natively by
embedding the implementation directly, avoiding structural definition drift
between implementation and testing.

Signed-off-by: Ackerley Tng <[email protected]>
---
 tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/.gitignore     |   1 +
 tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/Makefile       |  18 ++
 tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/test_subpool.c | 400 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 3 files changed, 419 insertions(+)

diff --git a/tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/.gitignore b/tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..7348c2c72f1e1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+test_subpool
diff --git a/tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/Makefile b/tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1bdb7e2635614
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+.PHONY: all clean test
+
+CC = gcc
+CFLAGS = -Wall -O2 -I../shared -I. -I../../include -I../../arch/x86/include -pthread
+KERNEL_SUBPOOL_H = ../../../mm/hugetlb_subpool.h
+KERNEL_SUBPOOL_C = ../../../mm/hugetlb_subpool.c
+
+all: test
+
+test_subpool: test_subpool.c $(KERNEL_SUBPOOL_C) $(KERNEL_SUBPOOL_H)
+	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) test_subpool.c -o test_subpool
+
+test: test_subpool
+	./test_subpool
+
+clean:
+	rm -f test_subpool
diff --git a/tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/test_subpool.c b/tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/test_subpool.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..78900274cc264
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tools/testing/hugetlb_subpool/test_subpool.c
@@ -0,0 +1,400 @@
+// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <linux/types.h>
+#include <linux/slab.h>
+#include <linux/bug.h>
+
+/* Mocked Userspace implementation for Kernel Subpool allocation dependencies */
+struct hstate {
+	int dummy;
+};
+
+#undef kzalloc_obj
+#undef kzalloc_objs
+#define kzalloc_obj(P, ...) malloc(sizeof(P))
+#define kzalloc_objs(P, COUNT, ...) malloc(sizeof(P) * (COUNT))
+
+#define kfree free
+#define kmalloc malloc
+
+#define huge_page_shift(h) (21 + (0 * ((unsigned long)(h) & 0)))
+#define huge_page_size(h) (1UL << huge_page_shift(h))
+
+static bool hugetlb_acct_memory_called;
+static struct hstate *hugetlb_acct_memory_h;
+static long hugetlb_acct_memory_delta;
+
+static int hugetlb_acct_memory(struct hstate *h, long delta)
+{
+	hugetlb_acct_memory_called = true;
+	hugetlb_acct_memory_h = h;
+	hugetlb_acct_memory_delta = delta;
+	return 0;
+}
+
+static void reset_hugetlb_acct_memory_mock(void)
+{
+	hugetlb_acct_memory_called = false;
+	hugetlb_acct_memory_h = NULL;
+	hugetlb_acct_memory_delta = 0;
+}
+
+static void assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(struct hstate *h, long delta)
+{
+	assert(hugetlb_acct_memory_called);
+	assert(hugetlb_acct_memory_h == h);
+	assert(hugetlb_acct_memory_delta == delta);
+
+	reset_hugetlb_acct_memory_mock();
+}
+
+static void assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_not_called(void)
+{
+	assert(!hugetlb_acct_memory_called);
+}
+
+#include "../../../mm/hugetlb_subpool.h"
+#include "../../../mm/hugetlb_subpool.c"
+
+static void test_subpool_new_put_no_min_limit(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 10, -1);
+	assert(spool != NULL);
+	assert(spool->max_hpages == 10);
+	assert(spool->min_hpages == -1);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == -1);
+	assert(spool->count == 1);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_not_called();
+
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_not_called();
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_new_put_with_min_limit(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 20, 5);
+	assert(spool != NULL);
+	assert(spool->max_hpages == 20);
+	assert(spool->min_hpages == 5);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 5);
+	assert(spool->count == 1);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 5);
+
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -5);
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_get_pages_below_min(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+	long ret;
+
+	/* Let's initialize: min_hpages = 10, used_hpages = 9, rsv_hpages = 1 */
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, 10);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 10);
+
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 9);
+	assert(ret == 0);
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 9);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 1);
+
+	/* Invoke Get (Consumes the remaining 1 subpool reserve!) */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 1);
+	assert(ret == 0); /* Covered by subpool reserve! */
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 10);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 0);
+
+	/* Invoke Put (Replenishes the subpool reserve!) */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 1);
+	assert(ret == 0); /* Kept by subpool reserve! */
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 9);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 1);
+
+	/* Cleanup: Return used_hpages to 0 so the subpool frees symmetrically! */
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 9);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -10);
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_get_pages_crossing_min(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+	long ret;
+
+	/* Let's initialize: min_hpages = 10, used_hpages = 10, rsv_hpages = 0 */
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, 10);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 10);
+
+	hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 10);
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 10);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 0);
+
+	/* Invoke Get (Triggers a request for a Global Buddy/Surplus page!) */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 1);
+	assert(ret == 1); /* Requires global page! */
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 11);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 0);
+
+	/* Invoke Put (Above minimum, so it releases the page to the Global Pool!) */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 1);
+	assert(ret == 1); /* Dropped to global pool! */
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 10);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 0);
+
+	/* Cleanup */
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 10);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -10);
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_get_pages_crossing_min_multi(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+	long ret;
+
+	/* Scenario 1: Crossing entirely into surplus territory by a delta > 1 */
+	/* Let's initialize: min_hpages = 10, used_hpages = 8, rsv_hpages = 2 */
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, 10);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 10);
+
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 8);
+	assert(ret == 0);
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 8);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 2);
+
+	/* Invoke Get with delta = 5 (Crosses min limit of 10 up to 13) */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 5);
+	assert(ret == 3); /* (8 + 5) - 10 = 3 global pages required! */
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 13);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 0);
+
+	/* Invoke Put with delta = 5 (Drops from 13 down to 8) */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 5);
+	assert(ret == 3); /* 3 surplus pages released to the global pool! */
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 8);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 2); /* 2 subpool reserves perfectly restored! */
+
+	/* Scenario 2: Landing exactly on the min_hpages boundary with delta > 1 */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 2);
+	assert(ret == 0); /* Perfectly covered by remaining 2 subpool reserves! */
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 10);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 0);
+
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 2);
+	assert(ret == 0); /* Swallowed perfectly to replenish the 2 subpool reserves! */
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 8);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == 2);
+
+	/* Cleanup */
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 8);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -10);
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_get_pages_max_limit(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+	long ret;
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 5, -1);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_not_called();
+
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 5);
+	assert(ret == 5);
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 5);
+	assert(spool->rsv_hpages == -1);
+
+	/* Invoke Get (Should trigger -ENOMEM due to max cap limit exceeded!) */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 1);
+	assert(ret == -ENOMEM);
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 5); /* Unchanged */
+
+	/* Cleanup */
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 5);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_not_called();
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_get_pages_no_limits(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+	long ret;
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, -1);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_not_called();
+
+	hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 5);
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 5);
+
+	/* Invoke Get (Surplus Global Territory) */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 2);
+	assert(ret == 2);
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 7);
+
+	/* Invoke Put */
+	ret = hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 2);
+	assert(ret == 2);
+	assert(spool->used_hpages == 5);
+
+	/* Cleanup */
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 5);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_not_called();
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_free_hpages(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+
+	/* Test that free_hpages with NO min_size works perfectly */
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 15, -1);
+	hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 3);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_free_hpages(spool) == 12);
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 3);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+
+	/* Test that free_hpages with a min_size configured is COMPLETELY UNAFFECTED by it */
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 15, 5);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 5);
+	hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 3);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_free_hpages(spool) == 12); /* Should still be 15 - 3 = 12! */
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 3);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -5);
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, -1);
+	hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 3);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_free_hpages(spool) == -1);
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 3);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+
+	/* Test that free_hpages with a min_size configured and NO max size returns -1 */
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, 5);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 5);
+	hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 3);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_free_hpages(spool) == -1);
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 3);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -5);
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 3, -1);
+	hugepage_subpool_get_pages(spool, 3);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_free_hpages(spool) == 0);
+	hugepage_subpool_put_pages(spool, 3);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_max_hpages(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 123, -1);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_max_hpages(spool) == 123);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+
+	/* Test that max_hpages with a min_size configured is COMPLETELY UNAFFECTED by it */
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 123, 5);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 5);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_max_hpages(spool) == 123);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -5);
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, -1);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_max_hpages(spool) == -1);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, 5);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 5);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_max_hpages(spool) == -1);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -5);
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 0, -1);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_max_hpages(spool) == 0);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_max_size(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 10, -1);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_max_size(spool) == (10ULL << 21));
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+
+	/* Test that max_size with a min_size configured is COMPLETELY UNAFFECTED by it */
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 10, 5);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 5);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_max_size(spool) == (10ULL << 21));
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -5);
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, -1);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_max_size(spool) == -1ULL);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 0, -1);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_max_size(spool) == 0ULL);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+}
+
+static void test_subpool_min_size(void)
+{
+	struct hstate h;
+	struct hugepage_subpool *spool;
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, 5);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 5);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_min_size(spool) == (5ULL << 21));
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -5);
+
+	/* Test that min_size with a max_size configured is COMPLETELY UNAFFECTED by it */
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, 20, 5);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 5);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_min_size(spool) == (5ULL << 21));
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, -5);
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, -1);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_min_size(spool) == -1ULL);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+
+	spool = hugepage_new_subpool(&h, -1, 0);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 0);
+	assert(hugepage_subpool_min_size(spool) == 0ULL);
+	hugepage_put_subpool(spool);
+	assert_hugetlb_acct_memory_called(&h, 0);
+}
+
+int main(void)
+{
+	test_subpool_new_put_no_min_limit();
+	test_subpool_new_put_with_min_limit();
+	test_subpool_get_pages_below_min();
+	test_subpool_get_pages_crossing_min();
+	test_subpool_get_pages_crossing_min_multi();
+	test_subpool_get_pages_max_limit();
+	test_subpool_get_pages_no_limits();
+	test_subpool_free_hpages();
+	test_subpool_max_hpages();
+	test_subpool_max_size();
+	test_subpool_min_size();
+
+	return 0;
+}

-- 
2.55.0.229.g6434b31f56-goog