[PATCH dwarves v5 07/11] dwarf_loader: Detect optimized parameters with locations having constant values

Yonghong Song <[email protected]> Sat, 23 May 2026 09:57:50 -0700
Newsgroups org.kernel.vger.dwarves,org.kernel.vger.bpf
Message-ID <[email protected]>
The following is an example:

0x00899a78:   DW_TAG_subprogram
                DW_AT_calling_convention        (DW_CC_nocall)
                DW_AT_type      (0x008861cb "int")
                ...

0x00899a8c:     DW_TAG_formal_parameter
                  DW_AT_location        (indexed (0x3e) loclist = 0x000b2195:
                     [0xffffffff879be485, 0xffffffff879be49a): DW_OP_reg5 RDI
                     [0xffffffff879be49a, 0xffffffff879beac4): DW_OP_breg7 RSP+0)
                  DW_AT_name    ("mr")
                  DW_AT_type    (0x00899c88 "map_range *")
                  ...

0x00899a98:     DW_TAG_formal_parameter
                  DW_AT_location        (indexed (0x41) loclist = 0x000b21d4:
                     [0xffffffff879be480, 0xffffffff879be554): DW_OP_consts +0, DW_OP_stack_value
                     [0xffffffff879be554, 0xffffffff879be56d): DW_OP_consts +1, DW_OP_stack_value
                     [0xffffffff879be56d, 0xffffffff879be572): DW_OP_reg2 RCX
                     [0xffffffff879be572, 0xffffffff879be638): DW_OP_breg7 RSP+8
                     [0xffffffff879be638, 0xffffffff879be63d): DW_OP_reg0 RAX
                     [0xffffffff879be63d, 0xffffffff879be6ef): DW_OP_breg7 RSP+8
                     [0xffffffff879be6ef, 0xffffffff879be6f5): DW_OP_reg14 R14
                     [0xffffffff879be6f5, 0xffffffff879be6fd): DW_OP_breg7 RSP+8
                     [0xffffffff879be6fd, 0xffffffff879be879): DW_OP_reg14 R14
                     [0xffffffff879be879, 0xffffffff879be931): DW_OP_reg12 R12
                     [0xffffffff879be955, 0xffffffff879be961): DW_OP_reg14 R14
                     [0xffffffff879be961, 0xffffffff879be966): DW_OP_reg12 R12
                     [0xffffffff879be966, 0xffffffff879be976): DW_OP_reg14 R14
                     [0xffffffff879be976, 0xffffffff879be9df): DW_OP_reg12 R12
                     [0xffffffff879be9df, 0xffffffff879be9e5): DW_OP_reg14 R14
                     [0xffffffff879be9fc, 0xffffffff879bea24): DW_OP_consts +0, DW_OP_stack_value
                     [0xffffffff879bea24, 0xffffffff879bea74): DW_OP_breg7 RSP+8
                     [0xffffffff879bea74, 0xffffffff879beac4): DW_OP_reg14 R14)
                  DW_AT_name    ("nr_range")
                  DW_AT_type    (0x008861cb "int")
                  ...

0x00899aa4:     DW_TAG_formal_parameter
                  DW_AT_location        (indexed (0x3f) loclist = 0x000b21a7:
                     [0xffffffff879be485, 0xffffffff879be4a4): DW_OP_reg4 RSI
                     [0xffffffff879be4a4, 0xffffffff879be4e6): DW_OP_reg12 R12
                     [0xffffffff879be4e6, 0xffffffff879beac4): DW_OP_entry_value(DW_OP_reg4 RSI), DW_OP_stack_value)
                  DW_AT_name    ("start")
                  DW_AT_type    (0x008861cf "unsigned long")
                  ...

0x00899ab0:     DW_TAG_formal_parameter
                  DW_AT_location        (indexed (0x40) loclist = 0x000b21c2:
                     [0xffffffff879be485, 0xffffffff879be4a9): DW_OP_reg1 RDX
                     [0xffffffff879be4a9, 0xffffffff879beac4): DW_OP_breg7 RSP+32)
                  DW_AT_name    ("end")
                  DW_AT_type    (0x008861cf "unsigned long")
                  ...

The parameter 'nr_range' is a constant and won't consume any ABI register.
With this commit, for x86_64, the number of invalid true signature reduced from 96
to 83.

Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <[email protected]>
---
 dwarf_loader.c | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 43 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/dwarf_loader.c b/dwarf_loader.c
index 4b65e30..97f576a 100644
--- a/dwarf_loader.c
+++ b/dwarf_loader.c
@@ -1192,6 +1192,8 @@ static ptrdiff_t __dwarf_getlocations(Dwarf_Attribute *attr,
 
 #define	PARM_DEFAULT_FAIL	-1
 #define	PARM_UNEXPECTED		-2
+#define	PARM_OPTIMIZED_OUT	-3
+#define	PARM_CONTINUE		-4
 
 /* Max 20 register parameters, considering some parameters may be optimized out.  */
 #define	MAX_PRESCAN_PARAMS	20
@@ -1279,6 +1281,20 @@ static int parameter__peek_first_reg(Dwarf_Die *die)
 	return -1;
 }
 
+static int parameter__multi_exprs(Dwarf_Op *expr, int loc_num)
+{
+	switch (expr[0].atom) {
+	case DW_OP_lit0 ... DW_OP_lit31:
+	case DW_OP_constu:
+	case DW_OP_consts:
+		if (loc_num != 0)
+			break;
+		return PARM_OPTIMIZED_OUT;
+	}
+
+	return PARM_CONTINUE;
+}
+
 /* For DW_AT_location 'attr':
  * - if first location is DW_OP_regXX with expected number, return the register;
  *   otherwise save the register for later return
@@ -1311,8 +1327,17 @@ static int parameter__reg(Dwarf_Attribute *attr, int expected_reg, struct conf_l
 		if (exprlen == 2 && expr[exprlen - 1].atom == DW_OP_stack_value)
 			exprlen--;
 
-		if (exprlen != 1)
-			continue;
+		if (exprlen != 1) {
+			if (!info->signature_changed || !conf->true_signature)
+				continue;
+
+			int res;
+			res = parameter__multi_exprs(expr, loc_num);
+			if (res == PARM_CONTINUE)
+				continue;
+			ret = res;
+			goto out;
+		}
 
 		switch (expr->atom) {
 		/* match DW_OP_regXX at first location */
@@ -1333,6 +1358,16 @@ static int parameter__reg(Dwarf_Attribute *attr, int expected_reg, struct conf_l
 			if (info->signature_changed && conf->true_signature)
 				ret = PARM_UNEXPECTED;
 			break;
+		case DW_OP_lit0 ... DW_OP_lit31:
+		case DW_OP_constu:
+		case DW_OP_consts:
+			if (info->signature_changed && conf->true_signature) {
+				if (loc_num != 0)
+					break;
+				ret = PARM_OPTIMIZED_OUT;
+				goto out;
+			}
+			break;
 		/* match DW_OP_entry_value(DW_OP_regXX) at any location */
 		case DW_OP_entry_value:
 		case DW_OP_GNU_entry_value:
@@ -1417,9 +1452,12 @@ static struct parameter *parameter__new(Dwarf_Die *die, struct cu *cu,
 			int expected_reg = cu->register_params[reg_idx];
 			int actual_reg = parameter__reg(&attr, expected_reg, conf, info);
 
-			if (actual_reg == PARM_DEFAULT_FAIL)
+			if (actual_reg == PARM_DEFAULT_FAIL) {
 				parm->optimized = 1;
-			else if (actual_reg == PARM_UNEXPECTED || (expected_reg >= 0 && expected_reg != actual_reg))
+			} else if (actual_reg == PARM_OPTIMIZED_OUT) {
+				parm->optimized = 1;
+				info->skip_idx++;
+			} else if (actual_reg == PARM_UNEXPECTED || (expected_reg >= 0 && expected_reg != actual_reg)) {
 				/* mark parameters that use an unexpected
 				 * register to hold a parameter; these will
 				 * be problematic for users of BTF as they
@@ -1427,6 +1465,7 @@ static struct parameter *parameter__new(Dwarf_Die *die, struct cu *cu,
 				 * contents.
 				 */
 				parm->unexpected_reg = 1;
+			}
 		} else if (has_const_value && !cu->producer_clang) {
 			parm->optimized = 1;
 		} else if (true_sig_enabled) {
-- 
2.53.0-Meta