Re: [PATCH v3] iommu/io-pgtable-arm: Add support for contiguous hint bit

On 7/23/2026 10:59 PM, Vijayanand Jitta wrote:
> 
> 
> On 7/22/2026 9:17 PM, Vijayanand Jitta wrote:
>> From: Prakash Gupta <[email protected]>
>>
>> Add support for the contiguous hint (CONT) bit in ARM LPAE page tables.
>> When a set of consecutive PTEs map a naturally-aligned contiguous block
>> of memory, the CONT bit can be set on all entries in the group to allow
>> the hardware to combine them into a single TLB entry, improving TLB
>> utilization.
>>
>> The contiguous hint sizes per granule are:
>>
>>   Page Size | CONT PTE |  Block  | CONT Block | L1 Block | CONT L1
>>   ----------+----------+---------+------------+----------+---------
>>       4K    |   64K    |   2M    |    32M     |    1G    |   16G
>>      16K    |    2M    |  32M    |     1G     |          |
>>      64K    |    2M    | 512M    |    16G     |          |
>>
>> Contiguous hint sizes are advertised in pgsize_bitmap so that IOMMU API
>> users can align allocations to these sizes and benefit from the TLB
>> optimization automatically.
>>
>> Partial unmaps of a contiguous group are rejected, ensuring the full
>> group is always invalidated as a unit. The
>> IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT quirk allows SMMU drivers to disable
>> contiguous hint support at runtime for hardware with
>> implementation-specific errata.
>>
>> Suggested-by: Robin Murphy <[email protected]>
>> Co-developed-by: Vijayanand Jitta <[email protected]>
>> Signed-off-by: Vijayanand Jitta <[email protected]>
>> Signed-off-by: Prakash Gupta <[email protected]>
>> ---
>> Changes in v3:
>> - Collapse arm_lpae_cont_ptes()/arm_lpae_cont_blks()/
>>   arm_lpae_cont_pte_size()/arm_lpae_cont_blk_size()/
>>   arm_lpae_find_num_cont() into a single arm_lpae_num_cont(size_t size)
>>   helper, since leaf/block/L1-block sizes never overlap across granules.
>> - Fix arm_lpae_pte_is_contiguous_range() never checking that iova/paddr
>>   are aligned to the contiguous group size, by removing it entirely -
>>   __arm_lpae_map()'s new arm_lpae_install_leaf() helper scans for
>>   aligned sub-chunks and independently verifies paddr alignment for
>>   each one before applying the CONT hint.
>> - Fold the CONT case into __arm_lpae_map()'s existing size == block_size
>>   leaf path instead of duplicating arm_lpae_init_pte() in a separate
>>   branch. A request whose size exactly matches a whole CONT group is
>>   normalized down to block_size/scaled pgcount so it reaches that path;
>>   arm_lpae_install_leaf() then walks the resulting range in chunks,
>>   tagging only the sub-chunks that are both index-aligned and
>>   paddr-aligned to the group size, since a single map_pages() call at
>>   the plain block_size can still contain such an aligned group midway
>>   through a larger, otherwise ungrouped range.
>> - Replace the unmap-side WARN_ON_ONCE(!IS_ALIGNED(iova, size)) with a
>>   check on the actual ARM_LPAE_PTE_CONT bit of the PTEs being cleared.
>>   The previous check incorrectly warned on any unmap whose size
>>   happened to numerically match a CONT group size, even when the
>>   underlying PTEs were never CONT-tagged (e.g. because the original
>>   iommu_map() wasn't group-aligned), and even though iommu_unmap() can
>>   legitimately assemble such a size from multiple independent prior
>>   iommu_map() calls.
>> - Close a leak where ARM_MALI_LPAE would gain CONT-sized entries in its
>>   pgsize_bitmap despite the format having no CONT bit, by having
>>   arm_mali_lpae_alloc_pgtable() set IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT
>>   internally rather than special-casing the format in the shared
>>   arm_lpae_restrict_pgsizes()/arm_lpae_get_cont_sizes() path.
>> - Gate each contiguous-hint size in arm_lpae_get_cont_sizes() on whether
>>   a single group actually fits within the configured IAS/OAS, so e.g. a
>>   16G level-1 CONT group is never advertised for an IAS too small to
>>   address it.
>> - Link to v2: https://patch.msgid.link/[email protected]
>>
>> Changes in v2:
>> - Extend contiguous hint support to level-1 (1G) blocks for the 4K granule,
>>   adding a CONT L1 (16G) grouping alongside the existing CONT PTE/CONT Block
>>   sizes.
>> - Replace the compile-time CONFIG_IOMMU_IO_PGTABLE_CONTIG_HINT Kconfig option
>>   with a runtime quirk, IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT, so SMMU drivers
>>   can opt out per page table instance instead of at build time.
>> - Simplify __arm_lpae_map() to program the CONT-sized block directly via
>>   arm_lpae_init_pte() instead of recursing into the next level with an
>>   adjusted pgcount.
>> - Reject unmaps that are not aligned to the contiguous group size with
>>   WARN_ON_ONCE(), instead of clearing the CONT bit on a partial group before
>>   invalidation.
>> - Link to v1: https://patch.msgid.link/[email protected]
>>
>> To: Will Deacon <[email protected]>
>> To: Robin Murphy <[email protected]>
>> To: "Joerg Roedel (AMD)" <[email protected]>
>> Cc: [email protected]
>> Cc: [email protected]
>> Cc: [email protected]
>> Cc: [email protected]
>> ---
>>  drivers/iommu/io-pgtable-arm.c | 231 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++--
>>  include/linux/io-pgtable.h     |   3 +
>>  2 files changed, 226 insertions(+), 8 deletions(-)
>>
>> diff --git a/drivers/iommu/io-pgtable-arm.c b/drivers/iommu/io-pgtable-arm.c
>> index 476c0e25631af..ec6eacff07ac8 100644
>> --- a/drivers/iommu/io-pgtable-arm.c
>> +++ b/drivers/iommu/io-pgtable-arm.c
>> @@ -86,6 +86,21 @@
>>  /* Software bit for solving coherency races */
>>  #define ARM_LPAE_PTE_SW_SYNC		(((arm_lpae_iopte)1) << 55)
>>  
>> +/* PTE Contiguous Bit */
>> +#define ARM_LPAE_PTE_CONT		(((arm_lpae_iopte)1) << 52)
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * CONTIG HINT SUPPORT TABLE
>> + *
>> + *------------------------------------------------------------------
>> + *| Page Size | CONT PTE |  Block  | CONT Block | L1 Block | CONT L1 |
>> + *------------------------------------------------------------------
>> + *|     4K    |   64K    |   2M    |    32M     |    1G    |   16G   |
>> + *|    16K    |    2M    |  32M    |     1G     |          |         |
>> + *|    64K    |    2M    | 512M    |    16G     |          |         |
>> + *------------------------------------------------------------------
>> + */
>> +
>>  /* Stage-1 PTE */
>>  #define ARM_LPAE_PTE_AP_UNPRIV		(((arm_lpae_iopte)1) << 6)
>>  #define ARM_LPAE_PTE_AP_RDONLY_BIT	7
>> @@ -453,6 +468,137 @@ static arm_lpae_iopte arm_lpae_install_table(arm_lpae_iopte *table,
>>  	return old;
>>  }
>>  
>> +static int arm_lpae_num_cont(size_t size)
>> +{
>> +	switch (size) {
>> +	case SZ_4K:
>> +	case SZ_2M:
>> +	case SZ_1G:
>> +		return 16;
>> +	case SZ_64K:
>> +	case SZ_32M:
>> +	case SZ_512M:
>> +		return 32;
>> +	case SZ_16K:
>> +		return 128;
>> +	default:
>> +		return 1;
>> +	}
>> +}
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * A contiguous-hint group of the given size can only be usable if a single
>> + * group's span fits within both the configured input (ias) and output (oas)
>> + * address space - otherwise no aligned iova/paddr pair for a full group can
>> + * ever exist, and advertising the size in pgsize_bitmap would let callers
>> + * pick a mapping that unconditionally fails.
>> + */
>> +static bool arm_lpae_cont_size_fits(struct io_pgtable_cfg *cfg, unsigned long size)
>> +{
>> +	int size_bits = ilog2(size);
>> +
>> +	return size_bits <= cfg->ias && size_bits <= cfg->oas;
>> +}
>> +
>> +static unsigned long arm_lpae_get_cont_sizes(struct io_pgtable_cfg *cfg)
>> +{
>> +	unsigned long pg_size, blk_size, l1_blk_size, cont_sizes = 0;
>> +	unsigned long cont_leaf_size, cont_blk_size, cont_l1_blk_size;
>> +	int pg_shift, bits_per_level;
>> +
>> +	if (!cfg->pgsize_bitmap || (cfg->quirks & IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT))
>> +		return 0;
>> +
>> +	pg_shift = __ffs(cfg->pgsize_bitmap);
>> +	bits_per_level = pg_shift - ilog2(sizeof(arm_lpae_iopte));
>> +	pg_size = 1UL << pg_shift;
>> +	blk_size = pg_size << bits_per_level;
>> +	l1_blk_size = blk_size << bits_per_level;
>> +
>> +	cont_leaf_size = arm_lpae_num_cont(pg_size) * pg_size;
>> +	if ((cfg->pgsize_bitmap & pg_size) &&
>> +	    arm_lpae_cont_size_fits(cfg, cont_leaf_size))
>> +		cont_sizes |= cont_leaf_size;
>> +
>> +	if (cfg->pgsize_bitmap & blk_size) {
>> +		cont_blk_size = arm_lpae_num_cont(blk_size) * blk_size;
>> +		if (arm_lpae_cont_size_fits(cfg, cont_blk_size))
>> +			cont_sizes |= cont_blk_size;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Only add the level-1 contiguous block size if level-1 block mappings
>> +	 * are supported for this granule. For 16K and 64K granules, level-1
>> +	 * block mappings do not exist, so l1_blk_size would not be in
>> +	 * pgsize_bitmap after arm_lpae_restrict_pgsizes() has filtered it.
>> +	 * For 4K granule, 1G blocks are supported, giving a 16G contiguous group.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (cfg->pgsize_bitmap & l1_blk_size) {
>> +		cont_l1_blk_size = arm_lpae_num_cont(l1_blk_size) * l1_blk_size;
>> +		if (arm_lpae_cont_size_fits(cfg, cont_l1_blk_size))
>> +			cont_sizes |= cont_l1_blk_size;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	return cont_sizes;
>> +}
>> +
>> +/*
>> + * Install num_entries leaf entries starting at ptep (index map_idx_start
>> + * within the current table), scanning for aligned groups of arm_lpae_num_cont()
>> + * consecutive entries that also have a naturally-aligned physical address and
>> + * tagging only those with the contiguous hint. A group may be a strict
>> + * sub-range of [map_idx_start, map_idx_start + num_entries) - e.g. when this
>> + * call's index range isn't itself aligned to the group size, or when its
>> + * paddr isn't - in which case the mismatched entries are installed without
>> + * the hint instead.
>> + */
>> +static int arm_lpae_install_leaf(struct arm_lpae_io_pgtable *data,
>> +				 unsigned long iova, phys_addr_t paddr,
>> +				 arm_lpae_iopte prot, int lvl,
>> +				 int map_idx_start, int num_entries, int num_cont,
>> +				 arm_lpae_iopte *ptep, size_t *mapped)
>> +{
>> +	size_t block_size = ARM_LPAE_BLOCK_SIZE(lvl, data);
>> +	size_t cont_size = num_cont * block_size;
>> +	int done = 0;
>> +
>> +	while (done < num_entries) {
>> +		int idx = map_idx_start + done;
>> +		int remaining = num_entries - done;
>> +		int off = idx % num_cont;
>> +		arm_lpae_iopte pte = prot;
>> +		int chunk, ret;
>> +
>> +		if (off == 0 && remaining >= num_cont &&
>> +		    IS_ALIGNED(paddr, cont_size)) {
>> +			/* Fully aligned group: tag with the CONT hint */
>> +			chunk = num_cont;
> 
> While looking at arm_lpae_install_leaf() again, I realized the per-num_cont-window loop does more arm_lpae_init_pte() calls than necessary.
> Consecutive qualifying (or non-qualifying) windows can be merged into a single call. Planning to make below change in v4:
> 
> -             if (off == 0 && remaining >= num_cont &&
> -                 IS_ALIGNED(paddr, cont_size)) {
> -                     /* Fully aligned group: tag with the CONT hint */
> -                     chunk = num_cont;
> -                     pte |= ARM_LPAE_PTE_CONT;
> -             } else if (off == 0) {
> -                     /*
> -                      * Aligned start, but too short or paddr doesn't
> -                      * line up - install the rest of this window plain.
> -                      */
> -                     chunk = min_t(int, num_cont, remaining);
> -             } else {
> -                     /* Misaligned prefix: advance to the next boundary */
> -                     chunk = min_t(int, num_cont - off, remaining);
> -             }
> +             if (off) {
> +                     /* Misaligned prefix: advance to the next boundary */
> +                     chunk = min_t(int, num_cont - off, remaining);
> +             } else if (remaining >= num_cont && IS_ALIGNED(paddr, cont_size)) {
> +                     /* Aligned: merge every full group in this run */
> +                     chunk = remaining - remaining % num_cont;
> +                     pte |= ARM_LPAE_PTE_CONT;
> +             } else {
> +                     chunk = remaining;
> +             }
> 
> Thanks,
> Vijay
> 

I have posted v4 with above optimization and addressing comments from sashiko.
Link : https://lore.kernel.org/all/[email protected]/

Thanks,
Vijay

>> +			pte |= ARM_LPAE_PTE_CONT;
>> +		} else if (off == 0) {
>> +			/*
>> +			 * Aligned start, but too short or paddr doesn't
>> +			 * line up - install the rest of this window plain.
>> +			 */
>> +			chunk = min_t(int, num_cont, remaining);
>> +		} else {
>> +			/* Misaligned prefix: advance to the next boundary */
>> +			chunk = min_t(int, num_cont - off, remaining);
>> +		}
>> +
>> +		ret = arm_lpae_init_pte(data, iova, paddr, pte, lvl, chunk, ptep);
>> +		if (ret)
>> +			return ret;
>> +
>> +		*mapped += chunk * block_size;
>> +		ptep += chunk;
>> +		iova += chunk * block_size;
>> +		paddr += chunk * block_size;
>> +		done += chunk;
>> +	}
>> +
>> +	return 0;
>> +}
>> +
>>  static int __arm_lpae_map(struct arm_lpae_io_pgtable *data, unsigned long iova,
>>  			  phys_addr_t paddr, size_t size, size_t pgcount,
>>  			  arm_lpae_iopte prot, int lvl, arm_lpae_iopte *ptep,
>> @@ -462,21 +608,44 @@ static int __arm_lpae_map(struct arm_lpae_io_pgtable *data, unsigned long iova,
>>  	size_t block_size = ARM_LPAE_BLOCK_SIZE(lvl, data);
>>  	size_t tblsz = ARM_LPAE_GRANULE(data);
>>  	struct io_pgtable_cfg *cfg = &data->iop.cfg;
>> -	int ret = 0, num_entries, max_entries, map_idx_start;
>> +	bool cont_hint_enabled = !(cfg->quirks & IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT);
>> +	int num_entries, max_entries, map_idx_start;
>> +	int num_cont = cont_hint_enabled ? arm_lpae_num_cont(block_size) : 1;
>> +	bool use_cont = cont_hint_enabled && num_cont > 1;
>>  
>>  	/* Find our entry at the current level */
>>  	map_idx_start = ARM_LPAE_LVL_IDX(iova, lvl, data);
>>  	ptep += map_idx_start;
>>  
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Normalize an exact whole-CONT-group request down to the
>> +	 * equivalent block_size/pgcount so it funnels through the same
>> +	 * leaf path below - arm_lpae_install_leaf() independently decides,
>> +	 * per sub-chunk, whether the CONT hint actually applies.
>> +	 */
>> +	if (use_cont && size == block_size * num_cont) {
>> +		pgcount *= num_cont;
>> +		size = block_size;
>> +	}
>> +
>>  	/* If we can install a leaf entry at this level, then do so */
>>  	if (size == block_size) {
>> +		int ret;
>> +
>>  		max_entries = arm_lpae_max_entries(map_idx_start, data);
>>  		num_entries = min_t(int, pgcount, max_entries);
>> -		ret = arm_lpae_init_pte(data, iova, paddr, prot, lvl, num_entries, ptep);
>> -		if (!ret)
>> -			*mapped += num_entries * size;
>>  
>> -		return ret;
>> +		if (!use_cont) {
>> +			ret = arm_lpae_init_pte(data, iova, paddr, prot, lvl,
>> +						num_entries, ptep);
>> +			if (!ret)
>> +				*mapped += num_entries * size;
>> +			return ret;
>> +		}
>> +
>> +		return arm_lpae_install_leaf(data, iova, paddr, prot, lvl,
>> +					     map_idx_start, num_entries,
>> +					     num_cont, ptep, mapped);
>>  	}
>>  
>>  	/* We can't allocate tables at the final level */
>> @@ -660,6 +829,8 @@ static size_t __arm_lpae_unmap(struct arm_lpae_io_pgtable *data,
>>  {
>>  	arm_lpae_iopte pte;
>>  	struct io_pgtable *iop = &data->iop;
>> +	size_t block_size = ARM_LPAE_BLOCK_SIZE(lvl, data);
>> +	int num_cont = arm_lpae_num_cont(block_size);
>>  	int i = 0, num_entries, max_entries, unmap_idx_start;
>>  
>>  	/* Something went horribly wrong and we ran out of page table */
>> @@ -674,8 +845,20 @@ static size_t __arm_lpae_unmap(struct arm_lpae_io_pgtable *data,
>>  		return 0;
>>  	}
>>  
>> +	/*
>> +	 * Normalize an exact whole-CONT-group request down to the
>> +	 * equivalent block_size/pgcount, mirroring __arm_lpae_map().
>> +	 */
>> +	if (!(data->iop.cfg.quirks & IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT) &&
>> +	    num_cont > 1 && size == block_size * num_cont) {
>> +		pgcount *= num_cont;
>> +		size = block_size;
>> +	}
>> +
>>  	/* If the size matches this level, we're in the right place */
>> -	if (size == ARM_LPAE_BLOCK_SIZE(lvl, data)) {
>> +	if (size == block_size) {
>> +		size_t cont_size = num_cont * block_size;
>> +
>>  		max_entries = arm_lpae_max_entries(unmap_idx_start, data);
>>  		num_entries = min_t(int, pgcount, max_entries);
>>  
>> @@ -687,6 +870,33 @@ static size_t __arm_lpae_unmap(struct arm_lpae_io_pgtable *data,
>>  				break;
>>  			}
>>  
>> +			/*
>> +			 * Splitting a real CONT group by unmapping a subset
>> +			 * of it is not allowed - the group must always be
>> +			 * invalidated as a unit. Detect this from the PTE's
>> +			 * own CONT bit, not from the caller's size, since a
>> +			 * legitimate unmap can span multiple prior iommu_map()
>> +			 * calls and its size alone says nothing about how the
>> +			 * underlying PTEs were grouped. Only the first and last
>> +			 * entries of the unmapped range can possibly straddle a
>> +			 * group boundary - every interior entry, if CONT-tagged,
>> +			 * belongs to a group that is necessarily fully covered
>> +			 * by this unmap, since contiguity means groups can't
>> +			 * overlap without also covering everything between them.
>> +			 */
>> +			if (pte & ARM_LPAE_PTE_CONT) {
>> +				bool ok = true;
>> +
>> +				if (i == 0)
>> +					ok = ok && IS_ALIGNED(iova, cont_size);
>> +				if (i == num_entries - 1)
>> +					ok = ok && IS_ALIGNED(iova + (i + 1) * block_size,
>> +							      cont_size);
>> +
>> +				if (WARN_ON_ONCE(!ok))
>> +					return 0;
>> +			}
>> +
>>  			if (!iopte_leaf(pte, lvl, iop->fmt)) {
>>  				__arm_lpae_clear_pte(&ptep[i], &iop->cfg, 1);
>>  
>> @@ -943,6 +1153,7 @@ static void arm_lpae_restrict_pgsizes(struct io_pgtable_cfg *cfg)
>>  	}
>>  
>>  	cfg->pgsize_bitmap &= page_sizes;
>> +	cfg->pgsize_bitmap |= arm_lpae_get_cont_sizes(cfg);
>>  	cfg->ias = min(cfg->ias, max_addr_bits);
>>  	cfg->oas = min(cfg->oas, max_addr_bits);
>>  }
>> @@ -1001,7 +1212,8 @@ arm_64_lpae_alloc_pgtable_s1(struct io_pgtable_cfg *cfg, void *cookie)
>>  			    IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_TTBR1 |
>>  			    IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_OUTER_WBWA |
>>  			    IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_HD |
>> -			    IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_NO_WARN))
>> +			    IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_NO_WARN |
>> +			    IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT))
>>  		return NULL;
>>  
>>  	data = arm_lpae_alloc_pgtable(cfg);
>> @@ -1103,7 +1315,8 @@ arm_64_lpae_alloc_pgtable_s2(struct io_pgtable_cfg *cfg, void *cookie)
>>  	typeof(&cfg->arm_lpae_s2_cfg.vtcr) vtcr = &cfg->arm_lpae_s2_cfg.vtcr;
>>  
>>  	if (cfg->quirks & ~(IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_S2FWB |
>> -			    IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_NO_WARN))
>> +			    IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_NO_WARN |
>> +			    IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT))
>>  		return NULL;
>>  
>>  	data = arm_lpae_alloc_pgtable(cfg);
>> @@ -1224,6 +1437,8 @@ arm_mali_lpae_alloc_pgtable(struct io_pgtable_cfg *cfg, void *cookie)
>>  		return NULL;
>>  
>>  	cfg->pgsize_bitmap &= (SZ_4K | SZ_2M | SZ_1G);
>> +	/* Mali LPAE has no CONT bit - never advertise CONT page sizes */
>> +	cfg->quirks |= IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT;
>>  
>>  	data = arm_lpae_alloc_pgtable(cfg);
>>  	if (!data)
>> diff --git a/include/linux/io-pgtable.h b/include/linux/io-pgtable.h
>> index e19872e37e067..7b2097aaffb09 100644
>> --- a/include/linux/io-pgtable.h
>> +++ b/include/linux/io-pgtable.h
>> @@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ struct io_pgtable_cfg {
>>  	 *
>>  	 * IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_HD: Enables dirty tracking in stage 1 pagetable.
>>  	 * IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_S2FWB: Use the FWB format for the MemAttrs bits
>> +	 * IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT: Disable use of the contiguous
>> +	 *	hint for hardware affected by implementation-specific errata.
>>  	 *
>>  	 * IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_NO_WARN: Do not WARN_ON() on conflicting
>>  	 *	mappings, but silently return -EEXISTS.  Normally an attempt
>> @@ -103,6 +105,7 @@ struct io_pgtable_cfg {
>>  	#define IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_HD			BIT(7)
>>  	#define IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_S2FWB		BIT(8)
>>  	#define IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_NO_WARN		BIT(9)
>> +	#define IO_PGTABLE_QUIRK_ARM_NO_CONT_HINT	BIT(10)
>>  	unsigned long			quirks;
>>  	unsigned long			pgsize_bitmap;
>>  	unsigned int			ias;
>>
>> ---
>> base-commit: 4fa3f5fabb30bf00d7475d5a33459ea83d639bf9
>> change-id: 20260618-iommu_contig_hint-71ae491fbb52
>>
>> Best regards,
>> --  
>> Vijayanand Jitta <[email protected]>
>>
>