Re: [PATCH] bcache: add "clock" cache replacement policy

Hi Coly

Thank you for your quick look at this patch.

On Mon, Oct 6, 2025 at 10:20 PM Coly Li <[email protected]> wrote:
>
> On Mon, Oct 06, 2025 at 04:18:46PM +0800, Robert Pang wrote:
> > This new policy extends the FIFO policy to approximate the classic clock policy
> > (O(n) time complexity) by considering bucket priority, similar to the LRU
> > policy.
> >
>
> Current bcache GC is single thread, clock is good here. BTW, could you please
> also add the clock entry into bcache kernel document,
> - Documentation/admin-guide/bcache.rst
> - Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-bcache

There is no reference to cache_replacement_policy in
sysfs-block-bcache currently. Will add the clock entry in bcache.rst.

> > This policy addresses the high IO latency (1-2 seconds) experienced on
>   ^^^^^^^^^^^-> I assume this policy means LRU, am I correct?

That's correct.

> > multi-terabyte cache devices when the free list is empty. The default LRU
> > policy's O(n log n) complexity for sorting priorities for the entire bucket
> > list causes this delay.
> >
>
> Can you provide performance numbers about lock replacement algorithm and add
> them into the commit log?
>
> Yes, for performance optimization, we always need to see the difference made
> by this improvement.

Will do it quickly.

Best regards
Robert Pang

> Thanks.
>
> Coly Li
>
>
>
> > Signed-off-by: Robert Pang <[email protected]>
> > ---
> >  drivers/md/bcache/alloc.c         | 34 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++----
> >  drivers/md/bcache/bcache_ondisk.h |  1 +
> >  drivers/md/bcache/sysfs.c         |  1 +
> >  3 files changed, 32 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)
> >
> > diff --git a/drivers/md/bcache/alloc.c b/drivers/md/bcache/alloc.c
> > index 48ce750bf70a..c65c48eab169 100644
> > --- a/drivers/md/bcache/alloc.c
> > +++ b/drivers/md/bcache/alloc.c
> > @@ -69,7 +69,8 @@
> >  #include <linux/random.h>
> >  #include <trace/events/bcache.h>
> >
> > -#define MAX_OPEN_BUCKETS 128
> > +#define MAX_OPEN_BUCKETS     128
> > +#define CHECK_PRIO_SLICES    16
> >
> >  /* Bucket heap / gen */
> >
> > @@ -211,19 +212,41 @@ static void invalidate_buckets_lru(struct cache *ca)
> >       }
> >  }
> >
> > -static void invalidate_buckets_fifo(struct cache *ca)
> > +/*
> > + * When check_prio is true, this FIFO policy examines the priority of the
> > + * buckets and invalidates only the ones below a threshold in the priority
> > + * ladder. As it goes, the threshold will be raised if not enough buckets are
> > + * invalidated. Empty buckets are also invalidated. This evaulation resembles
> > + * the LRU policy, and is used to approximate the classic clock-sweep cache
> > + * replacement algorithm.
> > + */
> > +static void invalidate_buckets_fifo(struct cache *ca, bool check_prio)
> >  {
> >       struct bucket *b;
> >       size_t checked = 0;
> > +     size_t check_quota = 0;
> > +     uint16_t prio_threshold = ca->set->min_prio;
> >
> >       while (!fifo_full(&ca->free_inc)) {
> >               if (ca->fifo_last_bucket <  ca->sb.first_bucket ||
> >                   ca->fifo_last_bucket >= ca->sb.nbuckets)
> >                       ca->fifo_last_bucket = ca->sb.first_bucket;
> >
> > +             if (check_prio && checked >= check_quota) {
> > +                     BUG_ON(ca->set->min_prio > INITIAL_PRIO);
> > +                     prio_threshold +=
> > +                             DIV_ROUND_UP(INITIAL_PRIO - ca->set->min_prio,
> > +                                          CHECK_PRIO_SLICES);
> > +                     check_quota += DIV_ROUND_UP(ca->sb.nbuckets,
> > +                                                 CHECK_PRIO_SLICES);
> > +             }
> > +
> >               b = ca->buckets + ca->fifo_last_bucket++;
> >
> > -             if (bch_can_invalidate_bucket(ca, b))
> > +             if (bch_can_invalidate_bucket(ca, b) &&
> > +                 (!check_prio ||
> > +                  b->prio <= prio_threshold ||
> > +                  !GC_SECTORS_USED(b)))
> >                       bch_invalidate_one_bucket(ca, b);
> >
> >               if (++checked >= ca->sb.nbuckets) {
> > @@ -269,11 +292,14 @@ static void invalidate_buckets(struct cache *ca)
> >               invalidate_buckets_lru(ca);
> >               break;
> >       case CACHE_REPLACEMENT_FIFO:
> > -             invalidate_buckets_fifo(ca);
> > +             invalidate_buckets_fifo(ca, false);
> >               break;
> >       case CACHE_REPLACEMENT_RANDOM:
> >               invalidate_buckets_random(ca);
> >               break;
> > +     case CACHE_REPLACEMENT_CLOCK:
> > +             invalidate_buckets_fifo(ca, true);
> > +             break;
> >       }
> >  }
> >
> > diff --git a/drivers/md/bcache/bcache_ondisk.h b/drivers/md/bcache/bcache_ondisk.h
> > index 6620a7f8fffc..d45794e01fe1 100644
> > --- a/drivers/md/bcache/bcache_ondisk.h
> > +++ b/drivers/md/bcache/bcache_ondisk.h
> > @@ -288,6 +288,7 @@ BITMASK(CACHE_REPLACEMENT,                struct cache_sb, flags, 2, 3);
> >  #define CACHE_REPLACEMENT_LRU                0U
> >  #define CACHE_REPLACEMENT_FIFO               1U
> >  #define CACHE_REPLACEMENT_RANDOM     2U
> > +#define CACHE_REPLACEMENT_CLOCK              3U
> >
> >  BITMASK(BDEV_CACHE_MODE,             struct cache_sb, flags, 0, 4);
> >  #define CACHE_MODE_WRITETHROUGH              0U
> > diff --git a/drivers/md/bcache/sysfs.c b/drivers/md/bcache/sysfs.c
> > index 826b14cae4e5..c8617bad0648 100644
> > --- a/drivers/md/bcache/sysfs.c
> > +++ b/drivers/md/bcache/sysfs.c
> > @@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ static const char * const cache_replacement_policies[] = {
> >       "lru",
> >       "fifo",
> >       "random",
> > +     "clock",
> >       NULL
> >  };
> >
> > --
> > 2.51.0.710.ga91ca5db03-goog