Re: [PATCH v2] mm/swap: reject swapon() on filesystem-level encrypted files

On 03/08/2026 7:04 pm, Eric Biggers wrote:
> ext4 and f2fs don't prevent filesystem-level encrypted files from being
> set up directly as swap files.  In this case, encryption is bypassed.
> 
> No one should be doing this, vs. the methods of encrypted swap that
> actually do work (such as swapping to a dm-crypt device, or swapping to
> a loopback device on top of a filesystem-level encrypted file).
> 
> Nevertheless, to prevent user error, make swapon() explicitly reject
> this case.  Document this behavior in fscrypt.rst as well.
> 
> Fixes: 9bd8212f981e ("ext4 crypto: add encryption policy and password salt support")
> Fixes: f424f664f0e8 ("f2fs crypto: add encryption policy and password salt support")
> Cc: [email protected]
> Reviewed-by: Baoquan He <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Eric Biggers <[email protected]>
In the past, I've certainly setup swap wrong. It'll help:

Reviewed-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <[email protected]>

> ---
> 
> Changed in v2:
>    - Added a pr_warn_once
>    - Removed unnecessary word from fscrypt.rst
>    - Added Reviewed-by
> 
>  Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst | 4 ++++
>  mm/swapfile.c                         | 7 +++++++
>  2 files changed, 11 insertions(+)
> 
> diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst b/Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst
> index c0dd35f1af12..e4882b73120e 100644
> --- a/Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst
> +++ b/Documentation/filesystems/fscrypt.rst
> @@ -1238,6 +1238,10 @@ astute users may notice some differences in behavior:
>  
>  - DAX (Direct Access) is not supported on encrypted files.
>  
> +- Encrypted files cannot be used directly as swap files.  To swap to
> +  an encrypted file, set up a loopback device on top of it.
> +  Alternatively, encrypted swap can use a dm-crypt device.
> +
>  - The maximum length of an encrypted symlink is 2 bytes shorter than
>    the maximum length of an unencrypted symlink.  For example, on an
>    EXT4 filesystem with a 4K block size, unencrypted symlinks can be up
> diff --git a/mm/swapfile.c b/mm/swapfile.c
> index 78b49b0658ad..8538659acb9e 100644
> --- a/mm/swapfile.c
> +++ b/mm/swapfile.c
> @@ -3650,6 +3650,13 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE2(swapon, const char __user *, specialfile, int, swap_flags)
>  		error = -EBUSY;
>  		goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
>  	}
> +	if (IS_ENCRYPTED(inode)) {
> +		pr_warn_once(
> +			"Filesystem-level encrypted swapfile '%s' is unsupported. Create a loop device over it, or use dm-crypt\n",
> +			name->name);
> +		error = -EINVAL;
> +		goto bad_swap_unlock_inode;
> +	}
>  
>  	/*
>  	 * The swap subsystem needs a major overhaul to support this.
> 
> base-commit: f5098b6bae761e346ebcd9da7f95622c04733cff