Re: [PATCH v4 09/19] selftests/mm: add folio-order detection self-check

On Sat, Aug 15, 2026 at 02:58:51AM +0100, Kiryl Shutsemau wrote:
> From: "Kiryl Shutsemau (Meta)" <[email protected]>
>
> The khugepaged mTHP tests detect collapse results with the vm_util
> folio-order helpers rather than smaps AnonHugePages, which only sees PMD
> mappings.  If those helpers are wrong, every case built on them is wrong
> the same way, and nothing says so.
>
> Check them directly.  For every anon THP order the kernel supports, fault
> memory in with only that order enabled.  Require the helpers to classify
> the backing as exactly that order: not a neighbouring order, and 4K-backed
> memory as order 0.
>
> Run it in the thp category, ahead of ./khugepaged, so a broken helper is
> reported as itself rather than as a collapse failure.  Verified on x86-64
> 4K (orders 0, 2-9) and arm64 64K (orders 0, 2-13).
>
> The test needs ALIGN(), which hmm-tests.c and migration.c each defined
> privately.  Move it to vm_util.h and drop both copies.

Also:

uffd-unit-tests defines ALIGN_UP()...

And really you probably want to match the kernel convention of ALIGN()
defaulting to align-up (for some reason) and name this ALIGN_DOWN() to be
consistent and avoid confusion BUT...

Since the tests already do this mistake I guess it's not so bad to share the
define and propagate it for now I suppose.


>
> Assisted-by: Claude-Code:claude-opus-5
> Tested-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <[email protected]>
> Signed-off-by: Kiryl Shutsemau (Meta) <[email protected]>
> ---
>  tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile           |   1 +
>  .../testing/selftests/mm/folio_order_check.c  | 137 ++++++++++++++++++
>  tools/testing/selftests/mm/hmm-tests.c        |   1 -
>  tools/testing/selftests/mm/migration.c        |   1 -
>  tools/testing/selftests/mm/run_vmtests.sh     |   2 +
>  tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h          |   2 +
>  6 files changed, 142 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
>  create mode 100644 tools/testing/selftests/mm/folio_order_check.c
>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile
> index 2d5366196e30..2093fcf6e915 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/Makefile
> @@ -104,6 +104,7 @@ TEST_GEN_FILES += guard-regions
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += merge
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += rmap
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += folio_split_race_test
> +TEST_GEN_FILES += folio_order_check
>
>  ifneq ($(ARCH),arm64)
>  TEST_GEN_FILES += soft-dirty
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/folio_order_check.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/folio_order_check.c
> new file mode 100644
> index 000000000000..93030a42c3cc
> --- /dev/null
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/folio_order_check.c
> @@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
> +// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
> +/*
> + * Self-check for the vm_util folio-order detection helpers,
> + * is_backed_by_folio() and is_range_backed_by_folio_orders().
> + *
> + * For every anon THP order the kernel supports, fault memory in with only
> + * that order enabled and verify the helpers report exactly that order:
> + * not a neighbouring order, and plain 4K memory as order 0. The helpers
> + * are what the khugepaged mTHP tests use to detect collapse results, so
> + * they must agree with the kernel's own idea of the backing before any
> + * collapse test relies on them.
> + */
> +#define _GNU_SOURCE
> +#include <fcntl.h>
> +#include <stdio.h>
> +#include <stdlib.h>
> +#include <sys/mman.h>
> +#include <unistd.h>
> +
> +#include "kselftest.h"
> +#include "vm_util.h"
> +#include "hugepage_settings.h"
> +
> +static int pagemap_fd;
> +static int kpageflags_fd;
> +
> +/* mmap an anon VMA of exactly @size bytes at a @size-aligned address. */
> +static char *alloc_aligned(size_t size)
> +{
> +	size_t len = size * 2;
> +	uintptr_t aligned;
> +	char *p;
> +
> +	p = mmap(NULL, len, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
> +		 MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, 0);
> +	if (p == MAP_FAILED)
> +		ksft_exit_fail_perror("mmap()");
> +
> +	aligned = ALIGN((uintptr_t)p, size);
> +	if (aligned != (uintptr_t)p)
> +		munmap(p, aligned - (uintptr_t)p);
> +	if (aligned + size != (uintptr_t)p + len)
> +		munmap((char *)aligned + size,
> +		       (uintptr_t)p + len - aligned - size);
> +
> +	return (char *)aligned;
> +}
> +
> +/*
> + * Enable only @order (order 0: nothing), fault one aligned window in and
> + * check the helpers see exactly @order.
> + */
> +static void check_order(int order)
> +{
> +	struct thp_settings settings = *thp_current_settings();
> +	size_t size = psize() << order;
> +	bool ok = true;
> +	char *p;
> +	int i;
> +
> +	for (i = 0; i < NR_ORDERS; i++)
> +		settings.hugepages[i].enabled = THP_NEVER;
> +	if (order)
> +		settings.hugepages[order].enabled = THP_ALWAYS;
> +	thp_push_settings(&settings);
> +
> +	p = alloc_aligned(size);
> +	*p = 1;
> +
> +	if (!is_range_backed_by_folio_orders(p, size, order,
> +					     pagemap_fd, kpageflags_fd)) {
> +		ksft_print_msg("order %d not detected after fault\n", order);
> +		ok = false;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* A lower order must be rejected: the folio is larger. */
> +	if (order && is_range_backed_by_folio_orders(p, size, order - 1,
> +						     pagemap_fd,
> +						     kpageflags_fd)) {
> +		ksft_print_msg("order %d also reported as order %d\n",
> +			       order, order - 1);
> +		ok = false;
> +	}
> +
> +	/* Order 0 pages must not look like any large folio, and vice versa. */
> +	if (order && is_range_backed_by_folio_orders(p, size, 0,
> +						     pagemap_fd,
> +						     kpageflags_fd)) {
> +		ksft_print_msg("order %d also reported as order 0\n", order);
> +		ok = false;
> +	}
> +
> +	munmap(p, size);
> +	thp_pop_settings();
> +
> +	ksft_test_result(ok, "order %d classified\n", order);
> +}
> +
> +int main(void)
> +{
> +	struct thp_settings settings;
> +	unsigned long orders;
> +	int order;
> +
> +	ksft_print_header();
> +
> +	if (!thp_available())
> +		ksft_exit_skip("Transparent Hugepages not available\n");
> +
> +	pagemap_fd = open("/proc/self/pagemap", O_RDONLY);
> +	if (pagemap_fd < 0)
> +		ksft_exit_fail_perror("open(/proc/self/pagemap)");
> +	kpageflags_fd = open("/proc/kpageflags", O_RDONLY);
> +	if (kpageflags_fd < 0)
> +		ksft_exit_skip("open(\"/proc/kpageflags\") requires root\n");
> +
> +	orders = thp_supported_orders();
> +	if (!orders)
> +		ksft_exit_skip("No supported THP orders\n");
> +
> +	ksft_set_plan(__builtin_popcountl(orders) + 1);
> +
> +	thp_save_settings();
> +	thp_read_settings(&settings);
> +	/* Base of the settings stack; the bottom entry is never popped. */
> +	thp_push_settings(&settings);
> +
> +	check_order(0);
> +	for (order = 1; order < NR_ORDERS; order++) {
> +		if (!(orders & (1UL << order)))
> +			continue;
> +		check_order(order);
> +	}
> +
> +
> +	ksft_finished();
> +}
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/hmm-tests.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/hmm-tests.c
> index e2642eca0d02..df426f9218e7 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/hmm-tests.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/hmm-tests.c
> @@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ enum {
>  #define HMM_PATH_MAX    64
>  #define NTIMES		10
>
> -#define ALIGN(x, a) (((x) + (a - 1)) & (~((a) - 1)))
>  /* Just the flags we need, copied from mm.h: */
>
>  #ifndef FOLL_WRITE
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/migration.c b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/migration.c
> index f19d53c69576..fd35f8a7b5b8 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/migration.c
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/migration.c
> @@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
>
>  #define TWOMEG		(2<<20)
>  #define RUNTIME		(20)
> -#define ALIGN(x, a)	(((x) + (a - 1)) & (~((a) - 1)))
>
>  HUGETLB_SETUP_DEFAULT_PAGES(1)
>
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/run_vmtests.sh b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/run_vmtests.sh
> index d09f9f6a384e..2652a7920b80 100755
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/run_vmtests.sh
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/run_vmtests.sh
> @@ -402,6 +402,8 @@ CATEGORY="pfnmap" run_test ./pfnmap
>  # COW tests
>  CATEGORY="cow" run_test ./cow
>
> +CATEGORY="thp" run_test ./folio_order_check
> +
>  CATEGORY="thp" run_test ./khugepaged
>
>  CATEGORY="thp" run_test ./khugepaged -s 2
> diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
> index 39dfb18dc10c..ce05bce4670d 100644
> --- a/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
> +++ b/tools/testing/selftests/mm/vm_util.h
> @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
>  #include <linux/fs.h>
>
>  #define BIT_ULL(nr)                   (1ULL << (nr))
> +#define ALIGN(x, a)                   (((x) + (a) - 1) & ~((a) - 1))
> +
>  #define PM_SOFT_DIRTY                 BIT_ULL(55)
>  #define PM_MMAP_EXCLUSIVE             BIT_ULL(56)
>  #define PM_UFFD_WP                    BIT_ULL(57)
> --
> 2.54.0
>

--
Cheers, Lorenzo