cvsuser 02/11/10 09:35:47
Modified: . perlfaq.pod perlfaq4.pod perlfaq7.pod perlfaq8.pod
Log:
+ perlfaq7: How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/
methods?
* Brian McCauley suggested that this answer use warnings instead of
black magic
+ perlfaq8: Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
* minor corrections for consistent style
+ perlfaq4: How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
* changed the title (updated perlfaq.pod too)
+ get rid of the /
+ expand the answer to include changes to any part of
the string
+ talk about characters, not just letters
* the answer now shows the fourth argument to substr()
* the $first_byte variable is now the $first_char variable
because it isn't necessarily a byte.
Revision Changes Path
1.13 +3 -3 perlfaq/perlfaq.pod
Index: perlfaq.pod
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/public/perlfaq/perlfaq.pod,v
retrieving revision 1.12
retrieving revision 1.13
diff -u -w -r1.12 -r1.13
--- perlfaq.pod 5 Sep 2002 00:48:40 -0000 1.12
+++ perlfaq.pod 10 Nov 2002 17:35:47 -0000 1.13
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
=head1 NAME
-perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/09/05 00:48:40 $)
+perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/11/10 17:35:47 $)
=head1 DESCRIPTION
@@ -405,7 +405,7 @@
=item *
-How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
+How can I access or change N characters of a string?
=item *
@@ -961,7 +961,7 @@
=item *
-How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
+How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods?
=item *
1.36 +14 -12 perlfaq/perlfaq4.pod
Index: perlfaq4.pod
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/public/perlfaq/perlfaq4.pod,v
retrieving revision 1.35
retrieving revision 1.36
diff -u -w -r1.35 -r1.36
--- perlfaq4.pod 30 Oct 2002 18:40:34 -0000 1.35
+++ perlfaq4.pod 10 Nov 2002 17:35:47 -0000 1.36
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
=head1 NAME
-perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.35 $, $Date: 2002/10/30 18:40:34 $)
+perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.36 $, $Date: 2002/11/10 17:35:47 $)
=head1 DESCRIPTION
@@ -650,22 +650,24 @@
See the documentation for Text::Autoformat to appreciate its many
capabilities.
-=head2 How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
+=head2 How can I access or change N characters of a string?
-There are many ways. If you just want to grab a copy, use
-substr():
+You can access the first characters of a string with substr().
+To get the first character, for example, start at position 0
+and grab the string of length 1.
- $first_byte = substr($a, 0, 1);
-If you want to modify part of a string, the simplest way is often to
-use substr() as an lvalue:
+ $string = "Just another Perl Hacker";
+ $first_char = substr( $string, 0, 1 ); # 'J'
- substr($a, 0, 3) = "Tom";
+To change part of a string, you can use the optional fourth
+argument which is the replacement string.
-Although those with a pattern matching kind of thought process will
-likely prefer
+ substr( $string, 13, 4, "Perl 5.8.0" );
- $a =~ s/^.../Tom/;
+You can also use substr() as an lvalue.
+
+ substr( $string, 13, 4 ) = "Perl 5.8.0";
=head2 How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
1.11 +4 -19 perlfaq/perlfaq7.pod
Index: perlfaq7.pod
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/public/perlfaq/perlfaq7.pod,v
retrieving revision 1.10
retrieving revision 1.11
diff -u -w -r1.10 -r1.11
--- perlfaq7.pod 4 Sep 2002 22:33:45 -0000 1.10
+++ perlfaq7.pod 10 Nov 2002 17:35:47 -0000 1.11
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
=head1 NAME
-perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.10 $, $Date: 2002/09/04 22:33:45 $)
+perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.11 $, $Date: 2002/11/10 17:35:47 $)
=head1 DESCRIPTION
@@ -675,31 +675,16 @@
print "No such command: $string\n";
}
-=head2 How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
+=head2 How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or methods?
The AUTOLOAD method, discussed in L<perlsub/"Autoloading"> and
L<perltoot/"AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods">, lets you capture calls to
undefined functions and methods.
When it comes to undefined variables that would trigger a warning
-under C<-w>, you can use a handler to trap the pseudo-signal
-C<__WARN__> like this:
+under C<use warnings>, you can promote the warning to an error.
- $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
-
- for ( $_[0] ) { # voici un switch statement
-
- /Use of uninitialized value/ && do {
- # promote warning to a fatal
- die $_;
- };
-
- # other warning cases to catch could go here;
-
- warn $_;
- }
-
- };
+ use warnings FATAL => qw(uninitialized);
=head2 Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
1.14 +4 -4 perlfaq/perlfaq8.pod
Index: perlfaq8.pod
===================================================================
RCS file: /cvs/public/perlfaq/perlfaq8.pod,v
retrieving revision 1.13
retrieving revision 1.14
diff -u -w -r1.13 -r1.14
--- perlfaq8.pod 8 Oct 2002 08:06:40 -0000 1.13
+++ perlfaq8.pod 10 Nov 2002 17:35:47 -0000 1.14
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
=head1 NAME
-perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.13 $, $Date: 2002/10/08 08:06:40 $)
+perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.14 $, $Date: 2002/11/10 17:35:47 $)
=head1 DESCRIPTION
@@ -763,7 +763,7 @@
=head2 Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
-If the second argument to a piped C<open> contains shell
+If the second argument to a piped open() contains shell
metacharacters, perl fork()s, then exec()s a shell to decode the
metacharacters and eventually run the desired program. If the program
couldn't be run, it's the shell that gets the message, not Perl. All
@@ -771,9 +771,9 @@
successfully started. You can still capture the shell's STDERR and
check it for error messages. See L<"How can I capture STDERR from an
external command?"> elsewhere in this document, or use the
-L<IPC::Open3> module.
+IPC::Open3 module.
-If there are no shell metacharacters in the argument of C<open>, Perl
+If there are no shell metacharacters in the argument of open(), Perl
runs the command directly, without using the shell, and can correctly
report whether the command started.
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