[EE]:: Resolving Faradays Paradox - almost

Faradays paradox:
This "paradox" has 'annoyed' me for many decades.

A disk rotates in a magnetic field: - essentially a "Homopolar Generator"

 (i) The disc is rotating and the magnet remains stationary. A voltage can
be measured across the radius of the disc.
(ii) The disc remains stationary and the magnet rotates. No voltage can be
measured across the disc.
(iii) Both disc and magnet rotate at the same speed and direction, and
again a voltage is observed across the disc.

If your brain does not hurt then you have not been paying attention (or
have seen this or similar already).

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-21155-x      October 2022

PDF:  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-21155-x.pdf   Open access

"Resolving the paradox of unipolar induction: new experimental evidence on
the influence of the test circuit Christof Baumgärtel & Simon Maher* A
novel experiment has been devised shedding new light on the phenomenon of
unipolar induction, also known as “Faraday’s Paradox”.

"In particular, the question of the field co-rotating with the magnet or
remaining stationary remains unsettled and supporting evidence exists for
both positions. In this study, we present a novel experimental apparatus
that includes, for the first time, the relative motion of the measurement
circuit including the closing wires, as well as the magnet and disc
respectively.
*The results show that the closing wire needs to be considered as part of
the problem,*
which enables the apparent paradox associated with this phenomenon to be
resolved.
*However, it remains impossible to tell if the field co-rotates with the
magnet or if it remains stationary. Instead, direct electron interaction is
considered as a viable alternative to resolve remaining paradoxes.*"



 Russell
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