Re: The OCaml MOOC offered again?
"Douglas Lewit [email protected] [ocaml_beginners]" <[email protected]> Wed, 1 Feb 2017 14:20:10 -0600
| Newsgroups | gmane.comp.lang.ocaml.beginners |
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| Message-ID | <CAM0XMJQQXRzsESvMuth7fdjXenei4uv_f8xoS=uYtBh5iFUjHQ@mail.gmail.com> |
--001a113f4ce883736205477dc69e Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable Hi Alexandre, What do you mean "the francophone" community. I'm not sure I understand. F# is nicely documented. There are many books available to the public, but of course F# is primarily used by Windows users. However, I normally use a Mac or Linux Ubuntu. There is a free application called "Mono" that Mac users can get through brew and Linux users can get from their native package manager ( apt-get install..... ). I believe that F# files have to end with the ".exe" extension, which of course describes most Windows files. But using "mono" it's possible run these .exe files on a Mac or in the Linux environment. F# is interesting to me because it looks almost exactly like OCaml! I'm sure if I continue to study the 2 languages I will begin to see big differences, but they both use much of the same syntax, pattern matching, guards, "let rec" to define recursive functions, statements end in "; ;" just like in OCaml, records can contain mutable or immutable data, etc, etc..... it's pretty interesting! The only reason why I tend to favor F# a little over OCaml is because of all the books out there. Each book has strengths and weaknesses of course, but if I gather enough documentation and really study it, then after a while I can really put together the pieces of the puzzle to get a pretty good picture of what I am trying to study. I never liked depending on only one book or one resource. One is usually not enough. I'm not a big fan of Windows! But I will admit that Microsoft does a pretty good job of marketing its various products and features. I think OCaml is really more for the Unix/Linux groups, and that's great because I love Unix and Linux.... but I also love good and plentiful documentation! Douglas. On Wed, Feb 1, 2017 at 1:51 AM, Alexandre Gouraud [email protected] [ocaml_beginners] < [email protected]> wrote: > > > Hi Douglas, > > As you mentioned Haskell has been created by native English speakers, > hence a wider adoption. There are many books for OCaml in French, because > it has been teached in French universities. Though francophone community = is > smaller. > > If you say there are less books for OCaml than for Haskell for instance > (Are you sure F# is more documented ?), I believe you. But for my persona= l > use, I have never been limited by this... > > Alexandre. > > > 2017-02-01 0:25 GMT+01:00 Douglas Lewit [email protected] > [ocaml_beginners] <[email protected]>: > >> >> >> Hi Alexandre, >> >> But what about Haskell? Haskell has a huge amount of documentation to >> support it. I believe Haskell originally began at the University of >> Edinborough in Scotland as a mostly academic initiative. Now if I visit >> Amazon.com there are DOZENS of books about Haskell, and www.oreilly.com >> now offers two or maybe three tutorial video collections on Haskell. Bo= th >> Haskell and Scala are very well documented. So is F#. OCaml has much l= ess >> documentation to support it, and that's a weakness. ( More a weakness o= f >> the culture than of the language per se. ) Other languages are also we= ll >> supported with very good documentation. There must be hundreds of books >> and YouTube videos describing all the functions, libraries and applicati= ons >> of Python, Ruby, Java, JavaScript, etc, etc. Even in the obscure world = of >> AI one can find some good documentation explaining how to write code in >> LISP and how to use Emacs as an IDE/editor. I just wish that the OCaml >> community would follow that example. I sort of get the feeling that the >> only way to really learn everything about OCaml is to get a job working = at >> Jane Street. Otherwise.... well, good luck! >> >> Actually.... there's a good question. Does Jane Street have any >> documentation for OCaml that is *open to the public*? I've tried >> looking for some, but so far haven't had much success trying to find it. >> >> Best, >> >> Douglas. >> >> >> >> >> On Tue, Jan 31, 2017 at 2:17 PM, Alexandre Gouraud >> [email protected] [ocaml_beginners] < >> [email protected]> wrote: >> >>> >>> >>> Dears, >>> >>> Let me give you my two cents to this story. OCaml has been created by a >>> french "public" research organisation called Inria. Therefore, the >>> evolutions of the language have followed requirements that are way far = from >>> the promotion and adoption of a language by a majority of users. Their >>> requirements were more research oriented, with quite limited resources.= If >>> it turns out that the language is useful and used by many researchers o= r >>> developers, fine, but it was/is not the initial objective, nor any long= ( >>> er) term objective. Research organizations, by nature, cannot deal with >>> such objectives, as Microsoft or Sun or Google do with their own langua= ge. >>> This being said, even business oriented organisation do not promote >>> languages for the fun of it, it is usually because they think it brings >>> them strategic advantage on their market...remember. >>> >>> At the end, INRIA's people don't have time anymore to promote the >>> language, develop it, write books and answer to questions. They mainly = rely >>> on the community. This is why there is no decent environment for Window= s >>> developers, and I am the first one to deplore it. Finally, remember tha= t >>> it was a french initiative. I believe that because the engineers who fi= rst >>> adopted it were not native English speakers was a barrier (and still is= ) a >>> barrier to wider adoption of the language, despite the HUGE penetration= of >>> this language in the world. You see here the power of the language of a >>> culture and the influence it allows. >>> >>> OCaml is great ! Keep coding :-) >>> >>> Cheers, >>> >>> Alexandre. >>> >>> 2017-01-31 17:58 GMT+01:00 Douglas Lewit [email protected] >>> [ocaml_beginners] <[email protected]>: >>> >>>> >>>> >>>> Looks like it's a major relief for you to type + instead of ^ ? Haha= hahahaha.... >>>> very funny!!! I'm not sure if one language is really "better" than >>>> another, but I find it really interesting why Don Syme ( F#'s creator = ) did >>>> it his way and why Xavier Leroy ( OCaml's creator ) did it another way= . >>>> Don Syme obviously made the decision that it was silly to have + for i= nts >>>> and +. for floats, and I think in OCaml you need +/ for big ints, etc, >>>> etc. So Don Syme combined everything into one overloaded operator. I= s it >>>> good or bad? I'm not sure. It depends on the programmer and why you'= re >>>> programming. BUT.... I still believe that language documentation is v= ery, >>>> very important. You can have the greatest computer language in the wo= rld, >>>> but if nobody writes about it or teaches it.... then who is going to k= now >>>> about it except a minority of elite developers?! ( And the elitist >>>> mentality will not help a language to become popular and successful. ) >>>> >>>> The OCaml MOOC is a fun course, and full of great information, but I >>>> don't like that the team behind it is pretty bad about answering email >>>> queries. I sent a couple of emails to OCamlPro requesting more inform= ation >>>> and did not get back a single reply. I guess I'm not important enough= for >>>> them to worry about! ( Or so they think. ) Again.... a wonderful >>>> language, but the community of people supporting the language have to = do >>>> their work to promote the language. Unless of course we want OCaml to= go >>>> the route of Pascal or Perl! >>>> >>>> >>>> On Mon, Jan 30, 2017 at 10:43 PM, Pierpaolo Bernardi >>>> [email protected] [ocaml_beginners] <[email protected]= > >>>> wrote: >>>> >>>>> >>>>> >>>>> On Mon, Jan 30, 2017 at 10:53 PM, Douglas Lewit [email protected] >>>>> [ocaml_beginners] <[email protected]> wrote: >>>>> > >>>>> > >>>>> > >>>>> > Hello everyone, >>>>> > >>>>> > Remember that OCaml MOOC offered through that university in Paris, >>>>> France? Does anyone know if that course is going to be offered again = in the >>>>> near future? It wasn't bad! Definitely challenging, but I learned a l= ot. >>>>> >>>>> The MOOC has been offered in 2015 and in 2016, both times it started >>>>> around Oct/Nov. Lacking any other information, we can extrapolate >>>>> from this small data set and hope that the MOOC will be offered again >>>>> toward the end of 2017 :) >>>>> >>>>> > If I want to concatenate the strings "Hello, " and "World!" in OCam= l >>>>> I have to write "Hello, " ^ "World!", but in F# I would just write "H= ello, >>>>> " + "World!". >>>>> >>>>> Just for curiosity, why in Ocaml you *HAVE*TO* use ^, while in F# you >>>>> *JUST* use + ? >>>>> >>>>> Looks like it's a major relief for you to type + instead of ^ ? >>>>> >>>>> > The operator overloading feature however does have a disadvantage >>>>> because if I don't make use of specific type annotations then the typ= e >>>>> checker automatically assumes that my function arguments are integers= .... >>>>> and that is not always an accurate assumption! >>>>> >>>>> That's correct. And in addition, even when the assumptions turn out >>>>> to be accurate, the code is less clear for a human reader. >>>>> >>>>> Cheers >>>>> >>>> >>>> >>> >>> >>> -- >>> Alexandre >>> >>> >> > > > -- > Alexandre > >=20 > --001a113f4ce883736205477dc69e Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/htm= l4/strict.dtd"> <html> <head> </head> =20 <body style=3D"background-color: #fff;"> <span style=3D"display:none"> </span> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~--> <div id=3D"ygrp-mlmsg" style=3D"position:relative;"> <div id=3D"ygrp-msg" style=3D"z-index: 1;"> <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~--> <div id=3D"ygrp-text" > =20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 <p><div dir=3D"ltr"><font size=3D"4">Hi Alexandre,</font><div><font s= ize=3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4">What do you mean "the= francophone" community.=C2=A0 I'm not sure I understand.</font></= div><div><font size=3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4">F# is nice= ly documented.=C2=A0 There are many books available to the public, but of c= ourse F# is primarily used by Windows users.=C2=A0 However, I normally use = a Mac or Linux Ubuntu.=C2=A0 There is a free application called "Mono&= quot; that Mac users can get through brew and Linux users can get from thei= r native package manager ( apt-get install..... ).=C2=A0 I believe that F# = files have to end with the ".exe" extension, which of course desc= ribes most Windows files.=C2=A0 But using "mono" it's possibl= e run these .exe files on a Mac or in the Linux environment.=C2=A0 F# is in= teresting to me because it looks almost exactly like OCaml!=C2=A0 I'm s= ure if I continue to study the 2 languages I will begin to see big differen= ces, but they both use much of the same syntax, pattern matching, guards, &= quot;let rec" to define recursive functions, statements end in ";= ;" just like in OCaml, records can contain mutable or immutable data,= etc, etc..... it's pretty interesting!=C2=A0 The only reason why I ten= d to favor F# a little over OCaml is because of all the books out there.=C2= =A0 Each book has strengths and weaknesses of course, but if I gather enoug= h documentation and really study it, then after a while I can really put to= gether the pieces of the puzzle to get a pretty good picture of what I am t= rying to study.=C2=A0 I never liked depending on only one book or one resou= rce.=C2=A0 One is usually not enough.</font></div><div><font size=3D"4"><br= ></font></div><div><font size=3D"4">I'm not a big fan of Windows!=C2=A0= But I will admit that Microsoft does a pretty good job of marketing its va= rious products and features.=C2=A0 I think OCaml is really more for the Uni= x/Linux groups, and that's great because I love Unix and Linux.... but = I also love good and plentiful documentation!</font></div><div><font size= =3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4">Douglas.</font></div><div><fo= nt size=3D"4"><br></font></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div cl= ass=3D"gmail_quote">On Wed, Feb 1, 2017 at 1:51 AM, Alexandre Gouraud <a hr= ef=3D"mailto:[email protected]">alexandre.gouraud@enst-bre= tagne.fr</a> [ocaml_beginners] <span dir=3D"ltr"><<a href=3D"mailto:ocam= [email protected]" target=3D"_blank">ocaml_beginners@yahoogroups.= com</a>></span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"bor= der-left:1px #ccc solid;"> <u></u> =20 <div style=3D"background-color:#fff;"> <span>=C2=A0</span> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501ygrp-mlmsg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501ygrp-msg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501ygrp-text"> =20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 <p></p><div dir=3D"ltr"><p>Hi Douglas, </p><div><br></div><div>As you= mentioned=C2=A0Haskell has been created by native English speakers, hence = a wider adoption. There are many books for OCaml in French, because it has = been teached in French universities. Though=C2=A0francophone community is s= maller. </div><div><br></div><div>If you say there are less books for OCaml= than for Haskell for instance (Are you sure=C2=A0F# is more documented ?),= I believe you. But for my personal use, I have never been limited by this.= ..</div><div><br></div><div>Alexandre. </div><div><div class=3D"h5"><div><b= r></div><div><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_quote">2017-02-01 0:25 GMT+0= 1:00 Douglas Lewit <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" target=3D"_blank">d= [email protected]</a> [ocaml_beginners] <span dir=3D"ltr"><<a href=3D"mai= lto:[email protected]" target=3D"_blank">ocaml_beginners@yaho= ogroups.<wbr>com</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style= =3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left= -width:1px;border-left-style:solid;"> <u></u> =20 <div style=3D"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"> <span>=C2=A0</span> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407ygrp-mlmsg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407ygrp-msg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407ygrp-text"> =20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 <p></p><div dir=3D"ltr"><font size=3D"4">Hi Alexandre,</font><div><fo= nt size=3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4">But what about Haskell= ?=C2=A0 Haskell has a huge amount of documentation to support it.=C2=A0 I b= elieve Haskell originally began at the University of Edinborough in Scotlan= d as a mostly academic initiative.=C2=A0 Now if I visit Amazon.com there ar= e DOZENS of books about Haskell, and <a href=3D"http://www.oreilly.com" tar= get=3D"_blank">www.oreilly.com</a> now offers two or maybe three tutorial v= ideo collections on Haskell.=C2=A0 Both Haskell and Scala are very well doc= umented.=C2=A0 So is F#.=C2=A0 OCaml has much less documentation to support= it, and that's a weakness. =C2=A0( More a weakness of the culture than= of the language per se. ) =C2=A0 Other languages are also well supported w= ith very good documentation.=C2=A0 There must be hundreds of books and YouT= ube videos describing all the functions, libraries and applications of Pyth= on, Ruby, Java, JavaScript, etc, etc.=C2=A0 Even in the obscure world of AI= one can find some good documentation explaining how to write code in LISP = and how to use Emacs as an IDE/editor.=C2=A0 I just wish that the OCaml com= munity would follow that example.=C2=A0 I sort of get the feeling that the = only way to really learn everything about OCaml is to get a job working at = Jane Street.=C2=A0 Otherwise.... well, good luck!</font></div><div><font si= ze=3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4">Actually.... there's a = good question.=C2=A0 Does Jane Street have any documentation for OCaml that= is <i><u>open to the public</u></i>?=C2=A0 I've tried looking for some= , but so far haven't had much success trying to find it.</font></div><d= iv><font size=3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4">Best,</font></di= v><div><font size=3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4">Douglas.</fo= nt></div><div><font size=3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font size=3D"4"><br><= /font></div><div><font size=3D"4"><br></font></div></div><div class=3D"gmai= l_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><div class=3D"m_-1284172616474= 559501h5">On Tue, Jan 31, 2017 at 2:17 PM, Alexandre Gouraud <a href=3D"mai= lto:[email protected]" target=3D"_blank">alexandre.gouraud= @enst-bretagn<wbr>e.fr</a> [ocaml_beginners] <span dir=3D"ltr"><<a href= =3D"mailto:[email protected]" target=3D"_blank">ocaml_beginne= [email protected]<wbr>om</a>></span> wrote:<br></div></div><blockquote cl= ass=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left= -width:1px;border-left-style:solid;"> <u></u> =20 <div style=3D"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"> <span>=C2=A0</span> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-65156223719768858= 25ygrp-mlmsg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-651562237197688= 5825ygrp-msg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-6515622371976= 885825ygrp-text"><div><div class=3D"m_-1284172616474559501h5"> =20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 <p></p><div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Dears, </div><div><br></div><div>Let me = give you my two=C2=A0cents to this story. <span id=3D"m_-128417261647455950= 1m_-8884218585868023407m_-6515622371976885825:141.42">OCaml</span> has been= created by a french "public"=C2=A0research organisation called <= span id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-65156223719768858= 25:141.43">Inria</span>. Therefore, the evolutions of the language have fol= lowed requirements that are way far from the promotion and adoption of a la= nguage by a majority of users. Their requirements were more research orient= ed, with quite limited resources.=C2=A0If it turns out that the language is= useful and used by many researchers or developers, fine, but it was/is not= the initial objective, nor any long(<span id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8= 884218585868023407m_-6515622371976885825:141.44">er</span>) term objective.= Research <span id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-651562= 2371976885825:141.45">organizations</span>, by nature, cannot deal with suc= h objectives, as Microsoft or Sun or Google do with their own language. Thi= s being said, even business oriented organisation do not promote languages = for the fun of it, it is usually because they think it brings them strategi= c advantage on their market...remember. </div><div><br></div><div>At the en= d, <span id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-6515622371976= 885825:141.46">INRIA's</span> people don't have time anymore to pro= mote the language, develop it, write books and answer to questions. They ma= inly rely on the community. This is why there is no decent environment for = Windows developers, and I am the first one to deplore it. Finally, remember= that it=C2=A0was a french initiative.=C2=A0I=C2=A0believe that because=C2= =A0the=C2=A0engineers who first adopted it=C2=A0were not native English spe= akers was a barrier (and still is)=C2=A0a barrier to wider adoption of the = language, despite the=C2=A0HUGE penetration of this language in the world. = You see here the power of the language of a culture and the influence it al= lows. </div><div><br></div><div><span id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-888421= 8585868023407m_-6515622371976885825:141.47">OCaml</span> is great ! Keep co= ding :-)</div><div><br></div><div>Cheers, </div><div><br></div><div>Alexand= re. </div></div></div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><div><div class=3D"m= _-1284172616474559501h5"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">2017-01-31 17:58 GM= T+01:00 Douglas Lewit <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" target=3D"_b= lank">[email protected]</a> [ocaml_beginners] <span dir=3D"ltr"><<a href= =3D"mailto:[email protected]" target=3D"_blank">ocaml_beginne= [email protected]<wbr>om</a>></span>:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote= " style=3D"border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-= left-style:solid;"> <u></u> =20 <div style=3D"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"> <span>=C2=A0</span> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-65156223719768858= 25m_-8400783697855280523ygrp-mlmsg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-651562237197688= 5825m_-8400783697855280523ygrp-msg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-6515622371976= 885825m_-8400783697855280523ygrp-text"> =20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 <p></p><div dir=3D"ltr"><span style=3D"font-family:georgia;font-size:= 13px;">Looks like it's a major relief for you to type + instead of ^ ? = =C2=A0 </span><font face=3D"monospace, monospace" size=3D"4">Hahahahahaha..= .. very funny!!!=C2=A0 I'm not sure if one language is really "bet= ter" than another, but I find it really interesting why Don Syme ( F#&= #39;s creator ) did it his way and why Xavier Leroy ( OCaml's creator )= did it another way.=C2=A0 Don Syme obviously made the decision that it was= silly to have + for ints and +. for floats, and I think in OCaml you need = +/ for big ints, etc, etc.=C2=A0 So Don Syme combined everything into o= ne overloaded operator.=C2=A0 Is it good or bad?=C2=A0 I'm not sure.=C2= =A0 It depends on the programmer and why you're programming.=C2=A0 BUT.= ... I still believe that language documentation is very, very important.=C2= =A0 You can have the greatest computer language in the world, but if nobody= writes about it or teaches it.... then who is going to know about it excep= t a minority of elite developers?! =C2=A0( And the elitist mentality will n= ot help a language to become popular and successful. )</font><div><font fac= e=3D"monospace, monospace" size=3D"4"><br></font></div><div><font face=3D"m= onospace, monospace" size=3D"4">The OCaml MOOC is a fun course, and full of= great information, but I don't like that the team behind it is pretty = bad about answering email queries.=C2=A0 I sent a couple of emails to OCaml= Pro requesting more information and did not get back a single reply.=C2=A0 = I guess I'm not important enough for them to worry about! =C2=A0( Or so= they think. ) =C2=A0Again.... a wonderful language, but the community of p= eople supporting the language have to do their work to promote the language= .=C2=A0 Unless of course we want OCaml to go the route of Pascal or Perl!</= font></div><div><font face=3D"monospace, monospace" size=3D"4"><br></font><= /div></div><span><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">= On Mon, Jan 30, 2017 at 10:43 PM, Pierpaolo Bernardi <a href=3D"mailto:olop= [email protected]" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a> [ocaml_beginners= ] <span dir=3D"ltr"><<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" = target=3D"_blank">[email protected]<wbr>om</a>></span> wrote= :<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"border-left-color:rgb(204,2= 04,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid;"> <u></u> =20 <div style=3D"background-color:rgb(255,255,255);"> <span>=C2=A0</span> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-65156223719768858= 25m_-8400783697855280523m_-7001109014211587405ygrp-mlmsg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-651562237197688= 5825m_-8400783697855280523m_-7001109014211587405ygrp-msg"> <div id=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-6515622371976= 885825m_-8400783697855280523m_-7001109014211587405ygrp-text"> =20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20=20=20 <p><span>On Mon, Jan 30, 2017 at 10:53 PM, Douglas Lewit <a href=3D"m= ailto:[email protected]" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a><br> [ocaml_beginners] <<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" ta= rget=3D"_blank">[email protected]<wbr>om</a>> wrote:<br> ><br> ><br> ><br> > Hello everyone,<br> ><br> > Remember that OCaml MOOC offered through that university in Paris, Fra= nce? Does anyone know if that course is going to be offered again in the n= ear future? It wasn't bad! Definitely challenging, but I learned a lo= t.<br> <br></span> The MOOC has been offered in 2015 and in 2016, both times it started<br> around Oct/Nov. Lacking any other information, we can extrapolate<br> from this small data set and hope that the MOOC will be offered again<br> toward the end of 2017 :)<span><br> <br> > If I want to concatenate the strings "Hello, " and "W= orld!" in OCaml I have to write "Hello, " ^ "World!&quo= t;, but in F# I would just write "Hello, " + "World!".<= br> <br></span> Just for curiosity, why in Ocaml you *HAVE*TO* use ^, while in F# you<br> *JUST* use + ?<br> <br> Looks like it's a major relief for you to type + instead of ^ ?<span><b= r> <br> > The operator overloading feature however does have a disadvantage beca= use if I don't make use of specific type annotations then the type chec= ker automatically assumes that my function arguments are integers.... and t= hat is not always an accurate assumption!<br> <br></span> That's correct. And in addition, even when the assumptions turn out<br= > to be accurate, the code is less clear for a human reader.<br> <br> Cheers<br> </p> </div> =20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20 <div style=3D"height:0px;color:rgb(255,255,255);"></div> </div> =20=20 </div></div></blockquote></div><br></div> </span><p></p> </div> =20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20 <div style=3D"height:0px;color:rgb(255,255,255);"></div> </div> =20=20 </div></div></blockquote></div><br><br clear=3D"all"><br></div></div>-- <br= ><div class=3D"m_-1284172616474559501m_-8884218585868023407m_-6515622371976= 885825gmail_signature" data=3D"https://ci4.googleusercontent.com/proxy/CpYz= kcDKjPf-NqFCSu4GBqoQ_5P1dDkfTMWPGDqglo-e-uanL4gIS02e2U0=3Ds0-d-e1-ft#http:/= /gmail_signature">Alexandre</div> </div> <p></p> </div> =20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20 <div style=3D"height:0px;color:rgb(255,255,255);"></div> </div> =20=20 </div></div></blockquote></div><br></div> <p></p> <p></p></div><span> =20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20 <div style=3D"height:0px;color:rgb(255,255,255);"></div> </span></div> =20=20 </div></div></blockquote></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br clear=3D"= all"><br>-- <br></div><div class=3D"m_-1284172616474559501gmail_signature" = data=3D"https://ci4.googleusercontent.com/proxy/CpYzkcDKjPf-NqFCSu4GBqoQ_5P= 1dDkfTMWPGDqglo-e-uanL4gIS02e2U0=3Ds0-d-e1-ft#http://gmail_signature">Alexa= ndre</div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"> </div></div></div></div> <p></p> </div><div><div class=3D"h5"> =20=20=20=20=20 =20=20=20=20 <div style=3D"color:#fff;height:0;"></div> </div> =20=20 </div></div></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div> </p> </div> =20=20=20=20=20 <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~--> <div style=3D"color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div> =20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20 =20=20 =20 =20=20=20=20 <div style=3D"clear:both"> </div> <div id=3D"fromDMARC" style=3D"margin-top: 10px;"> <hr style=3D"height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background= -color:#E3E3E3;"> Posted by: Douglas Lewit <[email protected]> <hr style= =3D"height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;"> </div> <div style=3D"clear:both"> </div> <table cellspacing=3D4px style=3D"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px= ; color: #2D50FD;"> <tbody> <tr> <td style=3D"font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bo= ld; padding: 7px 5px 5px;" > <a style=3D"text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD= " href=3D"https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/ocaml_beginners/conversations= /messages/14750;_ylc=3DX3oDMTJxazB1cWxtBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzQ5OTkxOTQE= Z3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1MDA2NzY0BG1zZ0lkAzE0NzUwBHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDMTQ= 4NTk4MDQxMg--?act=3Dreply&messageNum=3D14750">Reply via web post</a> </td> <td>•</td> <td style=3D"font-size: 12px; 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