Knows It All

Dennis Fischer <[email protected]> Thu, 12 Apr 2018 00:27:32 +0000
Newsgroups gmane.culture.sf.literature
Message-ID <[email protected]>
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THE WOMAN WHO KNOWS EVERYTHING ABOUT THE UNIVERSE
For 16 years, Virginia Trimble read every astronomy paper in 23 journals. N=
ow, her review papers are part of the canon.UNIVERSITAT DE VAL=C3=88NCIAIN =
1965, PHYSICIST=C2=A0Richard Feynman was busy. He was busy winning the Nobe=
l Prize, and he was busy learning to draw. One day during that productive t=
ime in his life, he saw astrophysics student Virginia Trimble striding acro=
ss Caltech's campus and thought,=C2=A0There's a good model.Soon, she was po=
sing for him a couple Tuesdays a month, in exchange for $5.50 each session =
and a lot of physics talk. She was studying a nebula, and he was, sometimes=
, sharing anecdotes that would later appear in one of his books, which feat=
ured everything from his bongo playing to his work on the Manhattan Project=
. Treatment of women in professional and academic situations has changed=E2=
=80=94and significantly so=E2=80=94since those sixties-California-campus da=
ys. Trimble was a student at a university that enrolled few women, in a fie=
ld that enlisted few women. But her experience at Caltech wasn't limited to=
 sidelining model gigs. Those early days of learning and research were the =
beginning of a five-decade career that has turned Trimble into a powerhouse=
 of astronomy.I first encountered Trimble's work when I was an undergraduat=
e astrophysics major. On the first day of seminar, my professor handed out =
a=C2=A0101-page=C2=A0stack of paper. Flipping through its 13 sections, he e=
xplained that Trimble trawled the scientific journals and collated the year=
's cosmic progress into a tome like this one. It wasn't just a review paper=
 laying out the state of atmospheric studies of Jupiter, or asteroid huntin=
g, or massive star formation. It was all of everything important that had h=
appened the previous year in astronomy=E2=80=94broad, comprehensive, and ut=
terly unusual. Most unusual of all was that it contained=C2=A0jokes.Today, =
new technologies promise to synthesize masses of publication data for scien=
tists. But before artificial intelligence even tried, astronomers had Trimb=
le, who wrote these comprehensive articles every year. For 16 years, she de=
voted her mind to this task of curation, contextualization, and commentary.=
 And throughout her career, she has largely eschewed long-term research wit=
h fancy telescopes, competitive funding, and approving nods from university=
 administrators. Refusing narrow focus, she has gone solo on most of her 85=
0 publications, focusing as much on the nature of=C2=A0doing=C2=A0astronomy=
 as studying the universe itself.=E2=80=9CI just asked questions,=E2=80=9D =
she says, =E2=80=9Cand sometimes found a way to answer them.=E2=80=9D That'=
s business as usual for Trimble, who has spent much of her career branching=
 off from the already thin bough of bushwhacking female astronomers.WHEN TR=
IMBLE ENROLLED=C2=A0at UCLA in the 1960s, she wanted to major in archaeolog=
y. But the school only offered that field of study to graduate students. Ri=
ght there in the A section of the catalog, though, was =E2=80=9Castronomy,=
=E2=80=9D a topic that her father informed her she=E2=80=99d always been in=
terested in.So she enrolled as an astronomy student, living at home while a=
ttending the university=E2=80=99s gifted program. Which she was=E2=80=94gif=
ted. In a 1962=C2=A0LIFE=C2=A0package about California=E2=80=99s educationa=
l system, a journalist profiled Trimble for a piece called =E2=80=9CBehind =
a Lovely Face, a 180 I.Q.=E2=80=9D The title acted surprised that a pretty =
lady might also have a productive brain=E2=80=94but Trimble quickly made it=
 clear that people should cease to be surprised at her smarts.Trimble's fat=
her was right, and she felt drawn to the mysteries of the universe. After s=
he finished her undergraduate degree, Trimble was accepted to a PhD program=
 at Caltech. =E2=80=9CIt was only later that I looked in their catalog and =
saw that women were only admitted under exceptional circumstances,=E2=80=9D=
 she says, "exceptional" usually meaning "married to a male Caltech admitte=
e." There, Trimble studied the Crab Nebula, the dust, gas, and plasma sent =
speeding into space during a supernova explosion whose light reached Earth =
in 1054.To work on this project, she applied for time at Palomar Observator=
y, an iconic be-domed telescope east of San Diego. She was only the third w=
oman to use the telescope, and only the second to actually be granted her o=
wn time on it (Vera Rubin, a dark-matter pioneer, was the first).The nebula=
's contents are still, these centuries later, lit. They beam out bright rad=
iation across a spectrum of wavelengths. Today, scientists know that a puls=
ar=E2=80=94the corpse of a massive star, as dense as an atomic nucleus and =
the size of a city, spinning 30 times a second=E2=80=94lurks at the center =
and energizes it. But back when Trimble was doing her dissertation, pulsars=
 were just being discovered, and no one knew the Crab hosted one. "It was q=
uite a mystery what kept the thing as bright as it is now," she says.For he=
r=C2=A0doctoral work, she measured the motions of the nebula's filaments, a=
nd found, among other things, that the gas had sped up its flight from the =
center of the explosion since that explosion had happened (weird!) and that=
 it was around 6,500 light-years away. Discovery was all right, but its det=
ails=E2=80=94so many photographic plates, so many similar, tedious observat=
ions=E2=80=94wasn't the=C2=A0most=C2=A0fun. She sang, danced, on the side, =
to liven life up.=C2=A0But did she enjoy the telescope part?=C2=A0I ask. Go=
ing to a mountaintop, commanding a large instrument, gathering her own data=
 about the universe with her own hands?=E2=80=9CNoooooo,=E2=80=9D she says.=
 =E2=80=9CIt was cold, and I hate being cold.=E2=80=9DTRIMBLE SOON REALIZED=
=C2=A0she didn=E2=80=99t want to look at the Crab Nebula=E2=80=94or at supe=
rnova remnants more generally, or at anything, really=E2=80=94for the rest =
of her life. She preferred independence to teams. She didn=E2=80=99t want t=
o hand a bunch of her grant money over to UC Irvine, where she became a ten=
ured astronomer. So, instead of all that, she started publishing papers tha=
t took an aerial view of the field of astronomy.Like any scientist, she lik=
ed to wonder. And, when people began asking her to give big talks at confer=
ences, she started wondering more about how science gets made, and why, and=
 by whom. =E2=80=9CI always figured this was my opportunity to say somethin=
g that might not otherwise not get said,=E2=80=9D she says. So instead of, =
say, summarizing the conference's topic, she analyzed big-picture questions=
: How did this sub-field become interesting? Why are we worrying about this=
 particular research subject now? Whose work did we leave out at this meeti=
ng?She wondered whether it paid to go to a good graduate school, in terms o=
f career advancement (it did). She wondered which telescopes birthed the mo=
st papers, and found that a huge number of papers came from non-celebrity i=
nstruments. She wondered about the narrative arc that led to scientific con=
sensus, and=C2=A0wrote a paper=C2=A0that tracked the progress of different =
scientific debates=E2=80=94over things like the nature of Jupiter's Great R=
ed Spot and the existence of dark matter.And then there was that time she t=
rolled her colleagues, publishing=C2=A0this paper=C2=A0suggesting that the =
blue star next to a suspected black hole=E2=80=94the first real black hole =
candidate=E2=80=94was smaller than people thought. If that was true, it wou=
ld also mean the black hole was smaller. Too small, in fact, to be a black =
hole at all. Two different groups instantly set out to prove her incorrect.=
=E2=80=9CI knew it was wrong when I suggested doing it,=E2=80=9D she says. =
=E2=80=9CIt was a way to get people to go out and do observations.=E2=80=9D=
Much of her work seems to demand that astronomers think differently, perhap=
s situate themselves a little more, rather than imagining that their resear=
ch is standalone, decoupled from larger culture. She's recently been workin=
g, for instance, on a series about how World War I=C2=A0influenced the deve=
lopment=C2=A0of general relativity, and on a chapter for a book about peopl=
e who maybe should have won the Nobel Prize and didn't.=E2=80=9CIs it fun?=
=E2=80=9D I ask.=E2=80=9CIt=E2=80=99s certainly fun,=E2=80=9D she says, =E2=
=80=9Cor I wouldn=E2=80=99t do it.=E2=80=9DIF TRIMBLE WAS=C2=A0asking quest=
ions other astronomers didn't think of, or at least didn't investigate, it =
may have been because she=C2=A0knew=C2=A0so much more than them. Each year =
starting in 1991, she read every article=E2=80=94every one=E2=80=94in 23 jo=
urnals. =E2=80=9CI quickly decided whether this was anything I would ever w=
ant to know about again,=E2=80=9D she says. If it was, it got a line in her=
 notebook (two lines if it was super interesting). When it came time to wri=
te, she=E2=80=99d go back to her notebook, cull a bit, organize the entries=
 into topics, and then write what was essentially a historical record of th=
at annum, with the year's accumulated cosmic knowledge.Here's what she like=
d best about it: =E2=80=9CI got to tell these nasty jokes,=E2=80=9D she say=
s. Like this one, from the 2005 paper that I read in college: "If every gal=
axy has [a black hole], why do people talk about them so much? Well, the sa=
me could probably be said about human private parts, which also have in com=
mon with black holes a central location and, as a rule, concealing material=
 around."But around 2007, editorial interest in the review declined, around=
 the same time that printing and reading journal articles on paper went out=
 of fashion. =E2=80=9CI can=E2=80=99t read 6,000 papers online,=E2=80=9D sh=
e says. Staring at a screen that long is intense. =E2=80=9CI start seeing j=
agged lightning patterns," she says.Now, no single person knows what all th=
e world's astronomers do all day. And it would be hard for a younger scient=
ist to take Trimble's task on again: Academic science doesn't value broad-m=
indedness, in practice. It's a=C2=A0publish or perish=C2=A0world full of bi=
g collaborations, in which most people nest in their niche of the knowledge=
-creation establishment.But despite that, the larger astronomical community=
 seems to agree that Trimble's contributions were valuable. Trimble has bee=
n a vice president within the International Astronomical Union and the vice=
 president of the American Astronomical Society, which also gave her the=C2=
=A0George Van Biesbroeck prize, =E2=80=9Cfor long-term extraordinary or uns=
elfish service to astronomy.=E2=80=9D The American Association of Physics T=
eachers gave her its=C2=A0Klopsteg Memorial Lecture Award, which =E2=80=9Cr=
ecognizes outstanding communication of the excitement of contemporary physi=
cs to the general public.=E2=80=9DBut, perhaps most fittingly, the Internat=
ional Astronomical Union recently=C2=A0named an asteroid=C2=A0after her. No=
w called 9271Trimble, the space rock travels solo, within a belt of others =
like itself.When I called to interview Trimble for this article, she asked =
if I received the 40 or so scanned pages she sent=E2=80=94the beginning of =
her memoir. In it, she recounts those posing sessions at Caltech. Feynman "=
didn't like silence," Trimble wrote, so he talked, and sometimes listened. =
"Heard many of the anecdotes that appear in=C2=A0Surely You're Joking," she=
 continued, referring to Feynman's most-famous book, "and some that don't."=
The memoir is obviously unfinished, she says=E2=80=94dozens of pages and no=
t even past her early years. =E2=80=9CI got bored,=E2=80=9D she explains. =
=E2=80=9CI just got bored.=E2=80=9D It was never, after all, Trimble=E2=80=
=99s style to stick to one topic.
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=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3213">For 16 years, Virginia Trimble re=
ad every astronomy paper in 23 journals. Now, her review papers are part of=
 the canon.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-st=
yle: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: in=
herit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0p=
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=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3214"><span aria-label=3D"Photo attribu=
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(0, 0, 0, 0.6);" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3216">UNIVERSITAT DE=
 VAL=C3=88NCIA</cite></div></figcaption></figure></div><article style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-vari=
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><section style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit=
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t; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line=
-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align=
: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break=
-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3220"><span style=3D"box-sizi=
ng: border-box; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; =
line-height: 14px; font-family: ff-oxide-solid-web, OxideSolidOT, oxidesoli=
dot-webfont, HelveticaNeue-Bold, &quot;Helvetica Neue Bold&quot;, &quot;Hel=
vetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, sans-serif;=
 font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; lett=
er-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_152=
3491243770_3221">IN 1965, PHYSICIST&nbsp;</span>Richard Feynman was busy. H=
e was busy winning the Nobel Prize, and he was busy learning to draw. One d=
ay during that productive time in his life, he saw astrophysics student Vir=
ginia Trimble striding across Caltech's campus and thought,&nbsp;<span styl=
e=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weigh=
t: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot=
;Exchange SSm 4i&quot;, ExchangeWeb-Italic, &quot;Exchange SSm 4r&quot;, Ex=
changeWeb-Roman, Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align:=
 baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3222">There's a good mode=
l</span>.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-styl=
e: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inhe=
rit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; verti=
cal-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wr=
ap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3223">Soon, she was =
posing for him a couple Tuesdays a month, in exchange for $5.50 each sessio=
n and a lot of physics talk. She was studying a nebula, and he was, sometim=
es, sharing anecdotes that would later appear in one of his books, which fe=
atured everything from his bongo playing to his work on the Manhattan Proje=
ct. Treatment of women in professional and academic situations has changed=
=E2=80=94and significantly so=E2=80=94since those sixties-California-campus=
 days. Trimble was a student at a university that enrolled few women, in a =
field that enlisted few women. But her experience at Caltech wasn't limited=
 to sidelining model gigs. Those early days of learning and research were t=
he beginning of a five-decade career that has turned Trimble into a powerho=
use of astronomy.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; f=
ont-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stret=
ch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14p=
x; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal;=
 word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3224">I firs=
t encountered Trimble's work when I was an undergraduate astrophysics major=
. On the first day of seminar, my professor handed out a&nbsp;<a href=3D"ht=
tps://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0606663" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"box-sizing=
: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-top-style: initial; border-=
right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initia=
l; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-co=
lor: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial;=
 font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-str=
etch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: =
baseline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: =
none; transition: background 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.33, 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-=
break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; box-shadow: rgb(180, 231, 248) 0p=
x -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3225">101-page</a>=
&nbsp;stack of paper. Flipping through its 13 sections, he explained that T=
rimble trawled the scientific journals and collated the year's cosmic progr=
ess into a tome like this one. It wasn't just a review paper laying out the=
 state of atmospheric studies of Jupiter, or asteroid hunting, or massive s=
tar formation. It was all of everything important that had happened the pre=
vious year in astronomy=E2=80=94broad, comprehensive, and utterly unusual. =
Most unusual of all was that it contained&nbsp;<span style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-s=
tretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Exchange SSm 4i&q=
uot;, ExchangeWeb-Italic, &quot;Exchange SSm 4r&quot;, ExchangeWeb-Roman, G=
eorgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" id=3D"=
yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3226">jokes</span>.</div><div style=3D"box-=
sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit=
; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-f=
amily: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wra=
p: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0=
_ym19_1_1523491243770_3227">Today, new technologies promise to synthesize m=
asses of publication data for scientists. But before artificial intelligenc=
e even tried, astronomers had Trimble, who wrote these comprehensive articl=
es every year. For 16 years, she devoted her mind to this task of curation,=
 contextualization, and commentary. And throughout her career, she has larg=
ely eschewed long-term research with fancy telescopes, competitive funding,=
 and approving nods from university administrators. Refusing narrow focus, =
she has gone solo on most of her 850 publications, focusing as much on the =
nature of&nbsp;<span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-var=
iant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: in=
herit; font-family: &quot;Exchange SSm 4i&quot;, ExchangeWeb-Italic, &quot;=
Exchange SSm 4r&quot;, ExchangeWeb-Roman, Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padd=
ing: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_=
3228">doing</span>&nbsp;astronomy as studying the universe itself.</div><di=
v style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-v=
ariant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: =
inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baselin=
e; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" i=
d=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3229">=E2=80=9CI just asked questions,=
=E2=80=9D she says, =E2=80=9Cand sometimes found a way to answer them.=E2=
=80=9D That's business as usual for Trimble, who has spent much of her care=
er branching off from the already thin bough of bushwhacking female astrono=
mers.</div></section><section style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px;=
 font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-str=
etch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 50px 0px=
; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; outline: 0px;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_y=
m19_1_1523491243770_3230"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px=
; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-st=
retch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: =
14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: norm=
al; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3231"><sp=
an style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; fon=
t-stretch: inherit; line-height: 14px; font-family: ff-oxide-solid-web, Oxi=
deSolidOT, oxidesolidot-webfont, HelveticaNeue-Bold, &quot;Helvetica Neue B=
old&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Lucida Grand=
e&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-a=
lign: baseline; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase;" id=3D"y=
ui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3232">WHEN TRIMBLE ENROLLED&nbsp;</span>at U=
CLA in the 1960s, she wanted to major in archaeology. But the school only o=
ffered that field of study to graduate students. Right there in the A secti=
on of the catalog, though, was =E2=80=9Castronomy,=E2=80=9D a topic that he=
r father informed her she=E2=80=99d always been interested in.</div><div st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-varia=
nt: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inhe=
rit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; o=
verflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D=
"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3233">So she enrolled as an astronomy stud=
ent, living at home while attending the university=E2=80=99s gifted program=
. Which she was=E2=80=94gifted. In a 1962&nbsp;<span style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-s=
tretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Exchange SSm 4i&q=
uot;, ExchangeWeb-Italic, &quot;Exchange SSm 4r&quot;, ExchangeWeb-Roman, G=
eorgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" id=3D"=
yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3234">LIFE</span>&nbsp;package about Califo=
rnia=E2=80=99s educational system, a journalist profiled Trimble for a piec=
e called =E2=80=9C<a href=3D"https://books.google.com/books?id=3DfFUEAAAAMB=
AJ&amp;lpg=3DPA95&amp;pg=3DPA98#v=3Donepage&amp;q&amp;f=3Dtrue" target=3D"_=
blank" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-t=
op-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid;=
 border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color:=
 initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-left-color: initi=
al; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font=
-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family:=
 inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-wo=
rd; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.15s cubic-bezier(0=
.33, 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; box-sha=
dow: rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_152349=
1243770_3235">Behind a Lovely Face, a 180 I.Q.</a>=E2=80=9D The title acted=
 surprised that a pretty lady might also have a productive brain=E2=80=94bu=
t Trimble quickly made it clear that people should cease to be surprised at=
 her smarts.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-s=
tyle: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: i=
nherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; ve=
rtical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word=
-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3236">Trimble's f=
ather was right, and she felt drawn to the mysteries of the universe. After=
 she finished her undergraduate degree, Trimble was accepted to a PhD progr=
am at Caltech. =E2=80=9CIt was only later that I looked in their catalog an=
d saw that women were only admitted under exceptional circumstances,=E2=80=
=9D she says, "exceptional" usually meaning "married to a male Caltech admi=
ttee." There, Trimble studied the Crab Nebula, the dust, gas, and plasma se=
nt speeding into space during a supernova explosion whose light reached Ear=
th in 1054.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-st=
yle: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: in=
herit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; ver=
tical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-=
wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3237">To work on t=
his project, she applied for time at Palomar Observatory, an iconic be-dome=
d telescope east of San Diego. She was only the third woman to use the tele=
scope, and only the second to actually be granted her own time on it (<a hr=
ef=3D"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/speaking-of-science/wp/2016/12/27=
/how-vera-rubin-changed-science/?utm_term=3D.e3186ac190b2" target=3D"_blank=
" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-top-st=
yle: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; bord=
er-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: init=
ial; border-bottom-color: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-left-color: initial; b=
order-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weig=
ht: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inhe=
rit; vertical-align: baseline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; t=
ext-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.33, =
0.66, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; box-shadow: =
rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_15234912437=
70_3238">Vera Rubin</a>, a dark-matter pioneer, was the first).</div><div s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-vari=
ant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inh=
erit; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: base=
line;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3239"><div style=3D"box-sizing=
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=3D"true" sandbox=3D"allow-forms allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-popu=
ps-to-escape-sandbox allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation-b=
y-user-activation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; bord=
er-style: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight:=
 inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit=
; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; display: block; m=
ax-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; width: 970px; min-width: 100%; min-height:=
 250px;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3246" title-off=3D""></ifram=
e></div></div></div></div></div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; borde=
r: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; f=
ont-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bo=
ttom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break=
: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_324=
7">The nebula's contents are still, these centuries later, lit. They beam o=
ut bright radiation across a spectrum of wavelengths. Today, scientists kno=
w that a pulsar=E2=80=94the corpse of a massive star, as dense as an atomic=
 nucleus and the size of a city, spinning 30 times a second=E2=80=94lurks a=
t the center and energizes it. But back when Trimble was doing her disserta=
tion, pulsars were just being discovered, and no one knew the Crab hosted o=
ne. "It was quite a mystery what kept the thing as bright as it is now," sh=
e says.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style:=
 inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inheri=
t; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertica=
l-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap=
: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3248">For her&nbsp;<a =
href=3D"http://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1968AJ.....73..535T" target=3D"_blan=
k" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-top-s=
tyle: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; bor=
der-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: ini=
tial; border-bottom-color: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-left-color: initial; =
border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-wei=
ght: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inh=
erit; vertical-align: baseline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; =
text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.33,=
 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; box-shadow:=
 rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243=
770_3249">doctoral work</a>, she measured the motions of the nebula's filam=
ents, and found, among other things, that the gas had sped up its flight fr=
om the center of the explosion since that explosion had happened (<a href=
=3D"https://arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0301071.pdf" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-top-style: initia=
l; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-sty=
le: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border=
-bottom-color: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-left-color: initial; border-image=
: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit=
; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertic=
al-align: baseline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decorat=
ion-line: none; transition: background 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.33, 0.66, 0.66,=
 1); word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; box-shadow: rgb(180, 23=
1, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3250">we=
ird!</a>) and that it was around 6,500 light-years away. Discovery was all =
right, but its details=E2=80=94so many photographic plates, so many similar=
, tedious observations=E2=80=94wasn't the&nbsp;<span style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-s=
tretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Exchange SSm 4i&q=
uot;, ExchangeWeb-Italic, &quot;Exchange SSm 4r&quot;, ExchangeWeb-Roman, G=
eorgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" id=3D"=
yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3251">most</span>&nbsp;fun. She sang, dance=
d, on the side, to liven life up.&nbsp;<span style=3D"box-sizing: border-bo=
x; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: =
inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Exchange SSm 4i&quot;, Ex=
changeWeb-Italic, &quot;Exchange SSm 4r&quot;, ExchangeWeb-Roman, Georgia, =
serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16=
_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3252">But did she enjoy the telescope part?</span>&=
nbsp;I ask. Going to a mountaintop, commanding a large instrument, gatherin=
g her own data about the universe with her own hands?</div><div style=3D"bo=
x-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inher=
it; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font=
-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-w=
rap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16=
_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3253">=E2=80=9CNoooooo,=E2=80=9D she says. =E2=80=
=9CIt was cold, and I hate being cold.=E2=80=9D</div></section><section sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-varian=
t: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inher=
it; font-family: inherit; margin: 50px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: b=
aseline; outline: 0px;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3254"><div st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-varia=
nt: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inhe=
rit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; o=
verflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D=
"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3255"><span style=3D"box-sizing: border-bo=
x; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: =
14px; font-family: ff-oxide-solid-web, OxideSolidOT, oxidesolidot-webfont, =
HelveticaNeue-Bold, &quot;Helvetica Neue Bold&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&q=
uot;, Helvetica, Arial, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 1=
4px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: 0=
.08em; text-transform: uppercase;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_32=
56">TRIMBLE SOON REALIZED&nbsp;</span>she didn=E2=80=99t want to look at th=
e Crab Nebula=E2=80=94or at supernova remnants more generally, or at anythi=
ng, really=E2=80=94for the rest of her life. She preferred independence to =
teams. She didn=E2=80=99t want to hand a bunch of her grant money over to U=
C Irvine, where she became a tenured astronomer. So, instead of all that, s=
he started publishing papers that took an aerial view of the field of astro=
nomy.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: i=
nherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit;=
 line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-=
align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: =
break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3257">Like any scientist=
, she liked to wonder. And, when people began asking her to give big talks =
at conferences, she started wondering more about how science gets made, and=
 why, and by whom. =E2=80=9CI always figured this was my opportunity to say=
 something that might not otherwise not get said,=E2=80=9D she says. So ins=
tead of, say, summarizing the conference's topic, she analyzed big-picture =
questions: How did this sub-field become interesting? Why are we worrying a=
bout this particular research subject now? Whose work did we leave out at t=
his meeting?</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-s=
tyle: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: i=
nherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; ve=
rtical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word=
-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3258">She wondere=
d whether it paid to go to a good graduate school, in terms of career advan=
cement (it did). She wondered which telescopes birthed the most papers, and=
 found that a huge number of papers came from non-celebrity instruments. Sh=
e wondered about the narrative arc that led to scientific consensus, and&nb=
sp;<a href=3D"https://cloudfront.escholarship.org/dist/prd/content/qt9fj4j9=
q9/qt9fj4j9q9.pdf" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; borde=
r-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initia=
l; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color=
: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(180, 231, =
248); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inheri=
t; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line=
-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: in=
herit; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none; transition: b=
ackground 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.33, 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-word; =
word-wrap: break-word; box-shadow: rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" =
id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3259">wrote a paper</a>&nbsp;that tra=
cked the progress of different scientific debates=E2=80=94over things like =
the nature of Jupiter's Great Red Spot and the existence of dark matter.</d=
iv><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; =
font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-he=
ight: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: b=
aseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-wo=
rd;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3260">And then there was that ti=
me she trolled her colleagues, publishing&nbsp;<a href=3D"http://adsabs.har=
vard.edu/full/1973MNRAS.162P...1T" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"box-sizing: b=
order-box; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-top-style: initial; border-rig=
ht-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; =
border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color=
: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; fo=
nt-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretc=
h: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: bas=
eline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: non=
e; transition: background 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.33, 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-bre=
ak: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; box-shadow: rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -=
4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3261">this paper</a>&=
nbsp;suggesting that the blue star next to a suspected black hole=E2=80=94t=
he first real black hole candidate=E2=80=94was smaller than people thought.=
 If that was true, it would also mean the black hole was smaller. Too small=
, in fact, to be a black hole at all. Two different groups instantly set ou=
t to prove her incorrect.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border=
: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; fo=
nt-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 0p=
x; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491=
243770_3262"><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style:=
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t; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; v=
ertical-align: baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3263"></div=
></div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inher=
it; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; lin=
e-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertica=
l-align: baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3264"><div style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant:=
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; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline=
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id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3270">=E2=80=9CI knew it was wrong wh=
en I suggested doing it,=E2=80=9D she says. =E2=80=9CIt was a way to get pe=
ople to go out and do observations.=E2=80=9D</div><div style=3D"box-sizing:=
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weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: =
inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: brea=
k-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1=
_1523491243770_3271">Much of her work seems to demand that astronomers thin=
k differently, perhaps situate themselves a little more, rather than imagin=
ing that their research is standalone, decoupled from larger culture. She's=
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p;<a href=3D"https://arxiv.org/ftp/arxiv/papers/1711/1711.10063.pdf" target=
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 font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-fa=
mily: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: bre=
ak-word; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.15s cubic-bez=
ier(0.33, 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; bo=
x-shadow: rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1=
523491243770_3272">influenced the development</a>&nbsp;of general relativit=
y, and on a chapter for a book about people who maybe should have won the N=
obel Prize and didn't.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0=
px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-=
stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom=
: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: no=
rmal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3273">=
=E2=80=9CIs it fun?=E2=80=9D I ask.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-b=
ox; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: i=
nherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; =
margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; w=
ord-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_15234912=
43770_3274">=E2=80=9CIt=E2=80=99s certainly fun,=E2=80=9D she says, =E2=80=
=9Cor I wouldn=E2=80=99t do it.=E2=80=9D</div></section><section style=3D"b=
ox-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inhe=
rit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; fon=
t-family: inherit; margin: 50px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline=
; outline: 0px;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3275"><div style=3D"=
box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inh=
erit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; fo=
nt-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow=
-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_=
16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3276"><span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; bord=
er: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: 14px; f=
ont-family: ff-oxide-solid-web, OxideSolidOT, oxidesolidot-webfont, Helveti=
caNeue-Bold, &quot;Helvetica Neue Bold&quot;, &quot;Helvetica Neue&quot;, H=
elvetica, Arial, &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; ma=
rgin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; letter-spacing: 0.08em; =
text-transform: uppercase;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3277">IF =
TRIMBLE WAS&nbsp;</span>asking questions other astronomers didn't think of,=
 or at least didn't investigate, it may have been because she&nbsp;<span st=
yle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-wei=
ght: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: &qu=
ot;Exchange SSm 4i&quot;, ExchangeWeb-Italic, &quot;Exchange SSm 4r&quot;, =
ExchangeWeb-Roman, Georgia, serif; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-alig=
n: baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3278">knew</span>&nbsp;=
so much more than them. Each year starting in 1991, she read every article=
=E2=80=94every one=E2=80=94in 23 journals. =E2=80=9CI quickly decided wheth=
er this was anything I would ever want to know about again,=E2=80=9D she sa=
ys. If it was, it got a line in her notebook (two lines if it was super int=
eresting). When it came time to write, she=E2=80=99d go back to her noteboo=
k, cull a bit, organize the entries into topics, and then write what was es=
sentially a historical record of that annum, with the year's accumulated co=
smic knowledge.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; fon=
t-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch=
: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px;=
 vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; w=
ord-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3279">Here's w=
hat she liked best about it: =E2=80=9CI got to tell these nasty jokes,=E2=
=80=9D she says. Like this one, from the 2005 paper that I read in college:=
 "If every galaxy has [a black hole], why do people talk about them so much=
? Well, the same could probably be said about human private parts, which al=
so have in common with black holes a central location and, as a rule, conce=
aling material around."</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: =
0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font=
-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-botto=
m: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: n=
ormal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3280">=
But around 2007, editorial interest in the review declined, around the same=
 time that printing and reading journal articles on paper went out of fashi=
on. =E2=80=9CI can=E2=80=99t read 6,000 papers online,=E2=80=9D she says. S=
taring at a screen that long is intense. =E2=80=9CI start seeing jagged lig=
htning patterns," she says.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; bord=
er: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; =
font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin-b=
ottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-brea=
k: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_32=
81">Now, no single person knows what all the world's astronomers do all day=
. And it would be hard for a younger scientist to take Trimble's task on ag=
ain: Academic science doesn't value broad-mindedness, in practice. It's a&n=
bsp;<a href=3D"https://undsci.berkeley.edu/article/howscienceworks_15" targ=
et=3D"_blank" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; b=
order-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style:=
 solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right=
-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-left-color=
: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inheri=
t; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-=
family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: b=
reak-word; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.15s cubic-b=
ezier(0.33, 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; =
box-shadow: rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1=
_1523491243770_3282">publish or perish</a>&nbsp;world full of big collabora=
tions, in which most people nest in their niche of the knowledge-creation e=
stablishment.</div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-=
style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: =
inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: =
0px; vertical-align: baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3283"=
><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; fo=
nt-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-heig=
ht: inherit; font-family: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-alig=
n: baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3284"></div></div><div =
style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-var=
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on-by-user-activation" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px; =
border-style: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-wei=
ght: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inh=
erit; margin: 0px auto; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom; display: bloc=
k; max-width: 100%; min-height: 0px; width: 970px; min-width: 100%; min-hei=
ght: 250px;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3290" title-off=3D""></i=
frame></div></div></div></div></div><div style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; b=
order: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inheri=
t; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; margi=
n-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; overflow-wrap: break-word; word-b=
reak: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770=
_3291">But despite that, the larger astronomical community seems to agree t=
hat Trimble's contributions were valuable. Trimble has been a vice presiden=
t within the International Astronomical Union and the vice president of the=
 American Astronomical Society, which also gave her the&nbsp;<a href=3D"htt=
ps://aas.org/grants-and-prizes/george-van-biesbroeck-prize" target=3D"_blan=
k" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-top-s=
tyle: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; bor=
der-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: ini=
tial; border-bottom-color: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-left-color: initial; =
border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-wei=
ght: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inh=
erit; vertical-align: baseline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; =
text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.33,=
 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; box-shadow:=
 rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243=
770_3292">George Van Biesbroeck prize</a>, =E2=80=9Cfor long-term extraordi=
nary or unselfish service to astronomy.=E2=80=9D The American Association o=
f Physics Teachers gave her its&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://www.aapt.org/Progra=
ms/awards/klopsteg.cfm" target=3D"_blank" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; =
border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: i=
nitial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-=
color: initial; border-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(180, =
231, 248); border-left-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: i=
nherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit;=
 line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; colo=
r: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none; transiti=
on: background 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.33, 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-w=
ord; word-wrap: break-word; box-shadow: rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px ins=
et;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3293">Klopsteg Memorial Lecture =
Award</a>, which =E2=80=9Crecognizes outstanding communication of the excit=
ement of contemporary physics to the general public.=E2=80=9D</div><div sty=
le=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-varian=
t: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inher=
it; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; ov=
erflow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"=
yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3294">But, perhaps most fittingly, the Inte=
rnational Astronomical Union recently&nbsp;<a href=3D"https://news.uci.edu/=
2018/03/23/asteroid-named-after-ucis-virginia-trimble/" target=3D"_blank" s=
tyle=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; border-top-style=
: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bottom-style: solid; border-=
left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; border-right-color: initial=
; border-bottom-color: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-left-color: initial; bord=
er-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-weight:=
 inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit; font-family: inherit=
; vertical-align: baseline; color: inherit; overflow-wrap: break-word; text=
-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.15s cubic-bezier(0.33, 0.6=
6, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-word; word-wrap: break-word; box-shadow: rgb=
(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_=
3295">named an asteroid</a>&nbsp;after her. Now called 9271Trimble, the spa=
ce rock travels solo, within a belt of others like itself.</div><div style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant:=
 inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit=
; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; over=
flow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" id=3D"yu=
i_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3296">When I called to interview Trimble for =
this article, she asked if I received the 40 or so scanned pages she sent=
=E2=80=94the beginning of her memoir. In it, she recounts those posing sess=
ions at Caltech. Feynman "didn't like silence," Trimble wrote, so he talked=
, and sometimes listened. "Heard many of the anecdotes that appear in&nbsp;=
<a href=3D"https://www.amazon.com/Surely-Feynman-Adventures-Curious-Charact=
er/dp/0393316041?tag=3Dw050b-20" target=3D"_blank" rel=3D"nofollow" data-am=
zn-asin=3D"0393316041" style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border-width: 0px 0=
px 3px; border-top-style: initial; border-right-style: initial; border-bott=
om-style: solid; border-left-style: initial; border-top-color: initial; bor=
der-right-color: initial; border-bottom-color: rgb(180, 231, 248); border-l=
eft-color: initial; border-image: initial; font-style: inherit; font-varian=
t: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inher=
it; font-family: inherit; vertical-align: baseline; color: inherit; overflo=
w-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none; transition: background 0.15=
s cubic-bezier(0.33, 0.66, 0.66, 1); word-break: break-word; word-wrap: bre=
ak-word; box-shadow: rgb(180, 231, 248) 0px -4px 0px inset;" id=3D"yui_3_16=
_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3297"><span style=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border=
: 0px; font-variant: inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; =
line-height: inherit; font-family: &quot;Exchange SSm 4i&quot;, ExchangeWeb=
-Italic, &quot;Exchange SSm 4r&quot;, ExchangeWeb-Roman, Georgia, serif; ma=
rgin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1=
_1523491243770_3298">Surely You're Joking</span></a>," she continued, refer=
ring to Feynman's most-famous book, "and some that don't."</div><div style=
=3D"box-sizing: border-box; border: 0px; font-style: inherit; font-variant:=
 inherit; font-weight: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; line-height: inherit=
; font-family: inherit; margin-bottom: 14px; vertical-align: baseline; over=
flow-wrap: break-word; word-break: normal; word-wrap: break-word;" dir=3D"l=
tr" id=3D"yui_3_16_0_ym19_1_1523491243770_3299">The memoir is obviously unf=
inished, she says=E2=80=94dozens of pages and not even past her early years=
. =E2=80=9CI got bored,=E2=80=9D she explains. =E2=80=9CI just got bored.=
=E2=80=9D It was never, after all, Trimble=E2=80=99s style to stick to one =
topic.</div></section></div></article></div></body></html>
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