Re: [Witarea] Re: [v6ops] How to make an elegant IPv4 outage

Franck Martin <[email protected]> Thu, 11 Jun 2026 12:55:06 -0500 (CDT)
Newsgroups gmane.ietf.general,gmane.ietf.tsv-area,gmane.ietf.v6ops
Message-ID <1956566503.19748422.1781200506163.JavaMail.zimbra@peachymango.org>
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Hi Philipp,=20

Sorry for late reply.=20

K8S and IPv6 is still in flux at the moment, I feel, and ID/RFC have a long=
 shelf life. So I would suggest to not dive too much in the details that ma=
y change as we learn more, and this could be a separate ID, but to be more =
on "here are the areas to pay attention to" and "you may consider this arch=
itecture as it should make your life easier down the road"=20

Does that make sense?=20

Franck=20
https://www.peachymango.org/=20


From: "Philipp Tiesel" <[email protected]>=20
To: "Franck Martin" <[email protected]>=20
Cc: "Nick Buraglio" <[email protected]>, "Xipengxiao" <xipengxia=
[email protected]>, "S Moonesamy" <[email protected]>, "wi=
tarea" <[email protected]>, "ietf" <[email protected]>, "v6ops" <[email protected]>=
=20
Sent: Wednesday, June 10, 2026 1:18:26 AM=20
Subject: [Witarea] Re: [v6ops] How to make an elegant IPv4 outage=20

Hi,=20
What level of detail do you want=E2=80=A6?=20
I would say it is still much in flux: You get it working, but there are gap=
s (especially in documentation) all over the place.=20




On 10. Jun 2026, at 02:07, Franck Martin <[email protected]> wrote:=20

while https://github.com/franckhlmartin/ietf-draft-deploying-ipv6-data-cent=
er mentions K8S it would be awesome if some of you could provide some more =
information on K8S/Containers via a PR or an issue.=20

Would be super cool.=20

I think your experience is more up to date than mine.=20

Franck=20


From: "Nick Buraglio" <[email protected]>=20
To: "Franck Martin" <[email protected]>=20
Cc: "Xipengxiao" <[email protected]>, "Brian E Carpe=
nter" <[email protected]>, "S Moonesamy" <[email protected]>, =
"witarea" <[email protected]>, "ietf" <[email protected]>, "v6ops" <[email protected]=
rg>=20
Sent: Tuesday, June 9, 2026 3:33:16 AM=20
Subject: Re: [v6ops] Re: How to make an elegant IPv4 outage=20

This is basically the same experience we had. We=E2=80=99re more of less us=
ing cilium for all networking.=20

nb=20

On Sun, Jun 7, 2026 at 20:38 Franck Martin < [ mailto:[email protected]=
g | [email protected] ] > wrote:=20

BQ_BEGIN

I spent some time diving into various K8S deployments. K8S is great, but yo=
u really really need to standardize your deployments. And because K8S uses =
eBPF, and sometimes some network namespaces and sometimes not, you can no l=
onger trust /proc/net to tell you the reality. you need to dive into the na=
mespaces too...=20

so K8S NAT is often not stored in the routing or iptable, but in eBPF, and =
it is very hard to get that information when you are on the host itself... =
At least that was my experience.=20

having K8S with IPv6-only makes life much easier.=20


From: "Nick Buraglio" < [ mailto:[email protected] | buraglio@fo=
rwardingplane.net ] >=20
To: "Xipengxiao" <xipengxiao=3D [ mailto:[email protected] | 40hu=
[email protected] ] >=20
Cc: "Franck Martin" < [ mailto:[email protected] | franck@peachymango.=
org ] >, "Brian E Carpenter" < [ mailto:[email protected] | brian=
[email protected] ] >, "S Moonesamy" < [ mailto:sm%[email protected]=
 | [email protected] ] >, "witarea" < [ mailto:[email protected] | witare=
[email protected] ] >, "ietf" < [ mailto:[email protected] | [email protected] ] >, "v6ops=
" < [ mailto:[email protected] | [email protected] ] >=20
Sent: Sunday, June 7, 2026 8:32:24 AM=20
Subject: Re: [v6ops] Re: How to make an elegant IPv4 outage=20

+1=20

We have done k8s with IPv6-only in our data centers and once the initial hu=
rdles are past, it is significantly easier to work with.=20
Where the complications lie are in the random libraries inside of random co=
ntainers, and in some cases in the container repositories.=20
I=E2=80=99m curious to see what your experience is/was, and how it differed=
 from ours, if at all.=20

nb=20

On Fri, Jun 5, 2026 at 10:21 Xipengxiao <xipengxiao=3D [ mailto:40huawei.co=
[email protected] | [email protected] ] > wrote:=20

BQ_BEGIN
Hi Franck,=20

You are very welcome to take the lead on "Deploying IPv6 in the Data Center=
/Enterprises". We look forward to your drafts.=20

XiPeng=20

-----Original Message-----=20
From: Franck Martin < [ mailto:[email protected] | franck@peachymango.=
org ] >=20
Sent: Thursday, June 4, 2026 1:51 AM=20
To: Brian E Carpenter < [ mailto:[email protected] | brian.e.carp=
[email protected] ] >=20
Cc: S Moonesamy < [ mailto:sm%[email protected] | [email protected] ] =
>; witarea < [ mailto:[email protected] | [email protected] ] >; ietf < [ mai=
lto:[email protected] | [email protected] ] >; [ mailto:[email protected] | v6ops@ietf=
.org ]=20
Subject: [v6ops] Re: How to make an elegant IPv4 outage=20

Adding v6ops to the list of Cc=20

Brian,=20

Getting myself up to date with the v6ops.=20

I see there is a milestone to adopt by dec 2026 Deploying IPv6 in the Data =
Center and Deploying IPv6 in the Enterprise. I have some experience with th=
is having done that at LinkedIn and been very close to an IPv6-only deploym=
ent. I also was aware of what was happening at the mothership at Microsoft.=
=20

I don=E2=80=99t see any lead for this besides the WG chair. I would be happ=
y to contribute and may be to reach out to folks. I quickly looked through =
the archives but did not see anything obvious on those topics.=20

Franck=20

> On Jun 3, 2026, at 15:34, Brian E Carpenter < [ mailto:brian.e.carpenter@=
gmail.com | [email protected] ] > wrote:=20
>=20
> Franck,=20
>=20
> You definitely need to keep [ mailto:[email protected] | [email protected] ] aw=
are of this.=20
>=20
> I assume you are aware of [ https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-palet-=
v6ops-ipv6-only/ | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-palet-v6ops-ipv6-=
only/ ] and other work in v6ops related to IPv6-only and IPv6-mostly.=20
>=20
> Regards/Ng=C4=81 mihi=20
> Brian Carpenter=20
>=20
> On 04-Jun-26 09:29, Franck Martin wrote:=20
>> Moving to Witarea, but keeping ietf in the loop for the moment.=20
>> Hi Surya,=20
>> Many thanks for those great points.=20
>>> On Jun 3, 2026, at 13:00, S Moonesamy < [ mailto:sm%[email protected]=
 | [email protected] ] > wrote:=20
>>>=20
>>> Hi Franck,=20
>>>=20
>>> [Cc to witarea@]=20
>>>=20
>>> At 11:32 AM 03-06-2026, Franck Martin wrote:=20
>>>> Today I submitted this Internet Draft (I-D) to the IETF=20
>>>> [ https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-retry-over-ipv6/ | htt=
ps://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-retry-over-ipv6/ ]=20
>>>>=20
>>>> I have been building this site: [ http://pacific.ipv6forum.com/ | paci=
fic.ipv6forum.com ] and I have been wondering, how could I do an IPv4 outag=
e on this site on 6/6?=20
>>>>=20
>>>> I have also seen that Czechoslovakia has mandated the end of IPv4 on g=
overnment sites on 6/6/2032, 6 years from now.=20
>>>>=20
>>>> I also recall (from recent experience) that it is relatively easy to r=
each >90% of IPv6 connections to an internal network (think datacenter), bu=
t the remaining last % are difficult to identify (or discard) because servi=
ces may misbehave and prefer IPv4 from time to time: You don't know if they=
 can't really do IPv4 or if they did not bother to do IPv6.=20
>>>>=20
>>>> In an enterprise environment, micro-services are made redundant, there=
 are multiple IPs and have fallback mechanisms when they encounter a 5xx er=
ror on one endpoint.=20
>>>>=20
>>>> So, I started to work on this Internet Draft. It is ready for the firs=
t round of public comments. I suspect, if successful, it will take 1 or 2 y=
ears to make it a standard. Then an extra 1 or 2 years, before it is implem=
ented on enough clients (and browsers), we will be just in time for doing e=
nough IPv4 outages on 6/6 to meet the 6/6/2032 deadline.=20
>>>=20
>>> There is a recent thread about IPv6 at [ https://mailarchive.ietf.org/a=
rch/msg/ipv6/BxSOgbF34xbBcijtxf85Pfnb5tc/ | https://mailarchive.ietf.org/ar=
ch/msg/ipv6/BxSOgbF34xbBcijtxf85Pfnb5tc/ ] I don't remember seeing anything=
 resulting from that discussion. Having a draft is, relatively, better than=
 the usual email discussion. The draft falls under the WIT Area and v6ops (=
which is in another IETF Area).=20
>> I quickly read the thread, and also asked for a summary. I agree with ma=
ny points like : some mobiles are IPv6-only (T-Mobile, Reliance,=E2=80=A6),=
 some networks are IPv6-only on the management side (Comcast),.. StarLink i=
s moving the needle A LOT in small countries, see countries on [ https://pa=
cific.ipv6forum.com/ | https://pacific.ipv6forum.com ] < [ https://pacific.=
ipv6forum.com/ | https://pacific.ipv6forum.com ] >.. but yes the frontier i=
s Entreprise adoption. I have some experience here that I=E2=80=99m trying =
to share.=20
>>>=20
>>> Section 1.1 of the draft states that "Governments are also publishing f=
ixed IPv4 end dates" and lists one example [1]. Are there any other governm=
ents which have a fixed end date?=20
>> I am not aware of other governments that have published an equally=20
>> specific =E2=80=9CIPv4 service ends on <date>=E2=80=9D policy for their =
public=20
>> services. Several others publish IPv6 transition *milestones* rather=20
>> than a fixed IPv4 shutdown date =E2=80=94 for example, US OMB M-21-07 (8=
0% of=20
>> federal IP-enabled assets in IPv6-only environments by FY 2025, with=20
>> strategic intent to phase out IPv4):=20
>> [ https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/M-21-07.pdf | ht=
tps://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/M-21-07.pdf ]=20
>> The Netherlands and others have long-standing IPv6 =E2=80=9Cuse-or-expla=
in=E2=80=9D or adoption targets, but not, to my knowledge, a single publish=
ed IPv4 end date comparable to the Czech case.=20
>> There was also a memo from the State of Washington going in the same=20
>> direction=E2=80=A6 I used to track all those=E2=80=A6 looks like I need =
to do that again.=20
>> And I agree that those memos come and go=E2=80=A6 Why? Because it is not=
 trivial, we (IETF?) ought to make it easier.=20
>>>=20
>>> Section 3 of the draft states that "Many operators plan to remove or di=
sable IPv4 while retaining IPv6 service." Are those plans available on the =
operators' websites?=20
>> I tend to abuse the word =E2=80=9CMany=E2=80=9D, you caught me! I make a=
 note to change it to =E2=80=9CSome"=20
>> That being said:=20
>> * Meta is IPv6-only in their data centers:=20
>> [ https://engineering.fb.com/2017/01/17/production-engineering/legacy-s =
| https://engineering.fb.com/2017/01/17/production-engineering/legacy-s ]=
=20
>> upport-on-ipv6-only-infra/=20
>> < [ https://engineering.fb.com/2017/01/17/production-engineering/legacy-=
 | https://engineering.fb.com/2017/01/17/production-engineering/legacy- ]=
=20
>> support-on-ipv6-only-infra/>=20
>> * Google Cloud has guidance for IPv6-only:=20
>> [ https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking/connect-ipv6-only-w =
| https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking/connect-ipv6-only-w ]=
=20
>> orkloads-to-ipv4-with-dns64-and-nat64=20
>> < [ https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking/connect-ipv6-only-=
 | https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking/connect-ipv6-only- ]=
=20
>> workloads-to-ipv4-with-dns64-and-nat64>=20
>> * All the could providers are moving to support IPv6 (because for=20
>> instance K8S bring undue complexity when you use NAT, also with the=20
>> explosion of AI agents, this will not be sustainable, I=E2=80=99m not wo=
rry,=20
>> they can afford to buy large chunks of IPv4 - side note: I spoke=20
>> recently with a banker on why IPv4 is not on the balance sheet of=20
>> companies?)=20
>> * Cisco has an IPv6-only building:=20
>> [ https://blogs.cisco.com/networking/an-ipv6-campus-of-the-future | http=
s://blogs.cisco.com/networking/an-ipv6-campus-of-the-future ]=20
>> < [ https://blogs.cisco.com/networking/an-ipv6-campus-of-the-future | ht=
tps://blogs.cisco.com/networking/an-ipv6-campus-of-the-future ] >=20
>> * Orange is considering IPv6-only:=20
>> [ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DahlY1vwM8qE | https://www.youtube.co=
m/watch?v=3DahlY1vwM8qE ]=20
>> < [ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DahlY1vwM8qE | https://www.youtube.=
com/watch?v=3DahlY1vwM8qE ] >=20
>> * Microsoft has IPv6-only deployments (I know that in Azure this is=20
>> way more complicated):=20
>> [ https://labs.ripe.net/author/mirjam/ipv6-only-at-microsoft/ | https://=
labs.ripe.net/author/mirjam/ipv6-only-at-microsoft/ ]=20
>> < [ https://labs.ripe.net/author/mirjam/ipv6-only-at-microsoft/ | https:=
//labs.ripe.net/author/mirjam/ipv6-only-at-microsoft/ ] >=20
>> * LinkedIn is moving to Dual Stack and IPv6-only in their Datacenters. I=
 may point you to the links in this post: [ https://www.patreon.com/posts/i=
pv6-in-lessons-159595711 | https://www.patreon.com/posts/ipv6-in-lessons-15=
9595711 ] where I share my experience with IPv6.=20
>> On this last point, I want to say my motivation is more on how to make l=
ife easier for internal deployments than external deployments. As such I fo=
und out that making a software outage is easier than an infrastructure outa=
ge, and easier and faster to rollback. =E2=80=9CYou can=E2=80=99t fix what =
you don=E2=80=99t measure=E2=80=9D, if you can differentiate an IPv4 outage=
 from any other outage, then you don=E2=80=99t know what to fix.=20
>> I=E2=80=99m not expecting the web browsers to implement anything fast, b=
ut I think we can have =E2=80=9Cfaster=E2=80=9D implementation in open sour=
ce software like gRPC and Rest.Li to make life easier in enterprises, there=
fore impacting other software in those enterprises, which will lead to make=
 it easier on the public Internet...=20
>> So thanks for all those valid points, I=E2=80=99ll figure out how to bet=
ter answer them in version -01.=20
>> I tried to address the same with email, a while back. See those expired =
ID: [ https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-ipv6-to-ipv4-fallb=
ack/ | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-ipv6-to-ipv4-fall=
back/ ] < [ https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-ipv6-to-ipv4=
-fallback/ | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-ipv6-to-ipv=
4-fallback/ ] >, [ https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-targe=
t-host-selection-ipv4-ipv6/ | https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin=
-smtp-target-host-selection-ipv4-ipv6/ ] < [ https://datatracker.ietf.org/d=
oc/draft-martin-smtp-target-host-selection-ipv4-ipv6/ | https://datatracker=
.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-target-host-selection-ipv4-ipv6/ ] >. I hop=
e this ID has a bit more chances.=20
>> Franck=20
>> PS: if any has more references of mandate or wannabe mandates, please le=
t me know.=20
>>>=20
>>> Regards,=20
>>> S. Moonesamy=20
>>>=20
>>> 1. The IPv6 adoption rate for a social network in that country is 35.2%=
.=20

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To unsubscribe send an email to [ mailto:[email protected] | v6ops-leave=
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_______________________________________________=20
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To unsubscribe send an email to [ mailto:[email protected] | v6ops-leave=
@ietf.org ]=20




BQ_END


_______________________________________________=20
v6ops mailing list -- [email protected]=20
To unsubscribe send an email to [email protected]=20

BQ_END



--=20
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To unsubscribe send an email to [email protected]=20

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<html><body><div style=3D"font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif; font-siz=
e: 12pt; color: #000000"><div>Hi Philipp,</div><div><br data-mce-bogus=3D"1=
"></div><div>Sorry for late reply.</div><div><br data-mce-bogus=3D"1"></div=
><div>K8S and IPv6 is still in flux at the moment, I feel, and ID/RFC have =
a long shelf life. So I would suggest to not dive too much in the details t=
hat may change as we learn more, and this could be a separate ID, but to be=
 more on "here are the areas to pay attention to" and "you may consider thi=
s architecture as it should make your life easier down the road"</div><div>=
<br data-mce-bogus=3D"1"></div><div>Does that make sense?</div><div><br dat=
a-mce-bogus=3D"1"></div><div>Franck</div><div>https://www.peachymango.org/<=
/div><div><br></div><hr id=3D"zwchr" data-marker=3D"__DIVIDER__"><div data-=
marker=3D"__HEADERS__"><b>From: </b>"Philipp Tiesel" &lt;[email protected]&=
gt;<br><b>To: </b>"Franck Martin" &lt;[email protected]&gt;<br><b>Cc: =
</b>"Nick Buraglio" &lt;[email protected]&gt;, "Xipengxiao" &lt;=
[email protected]&gt;, "S Moonesamy" &lt;sm+ietf@ela=
ndsys.com&gt;, "witarea" &lt;[email protected]&gt;, "ietf" &lt;[email protected]=
&gt;, "v6ops" &lt;[email protected]&gt;<br><b>Sent: </b>Wednesday, June 10, 20=
26 1:18:26 AM<br><b>Subject: </b>[Witarea] Re: [v6ops] How to make an elega=
nt IPv4 outage<br></div><div><br></div><div data-marker=3D"__QUOTED_TEXT__"=
>Hi,<br><div>What level of detail do you want=E2=80=A6?&nbsp;</div><div>I w=
ould say it is still much in flux: You get it working, but there are gaps (=
especially in documentation) all over the place.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div=
><div><br><blockquote><div>On 10. Jun 2026, at 02:07, Franck Martin &lt;fra=
[email protected]&gt; wrote:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"=
><div><div><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif;fon=
t-size:12pt">while https://github.com/franckhlmartin/ietf-draft-deploying-i=
pv6-data-center mentions K8S it would be awesome if some of you could provi=
de some more information on K8S/Containers via a PR or an issue.<br><br>Wou=
ld be super cool.<br><br>I think your experience is more up to date than mi=
ne.<br><br>Franck<br><br><hr id=3D"zwchr"><div><b>From: </b>"Nick Buraglio"=
 &lt;[email protected]&gt;<br><b>To: </b>"Franck Martin" &lt;fra=
[email protected]&gt;<br><b>Cc: </b>"Xipengxiao" &lt;xipengxiao=3D40huawe=
[email protected]&gt;, "Brian E Carpenter" &lt;[email protected]=
om&gt;, "S Moonesamy" &lt;[email protected]&gt;, "witarea" &lt;witarea@i=
etf.org&gt;, "ietf" &lt;[email protected]&gt;, "v6ops" &lt;[email protected]&gt;<b=
r><b>Sent: </b>Tuesday, June 9, 2026 3:33:16 AM<br><b>Subject: </b>Re: [v6o=
ps] Re: How to make an elegant IPv4 outage<br></div><br><div><div dir=3D"au=
to">This is basically the same experience we had. We=E2=80=99re more of les=
s using cilium for all networking.&nbsp;</div><div dir=3D"auto"><br></div><=
div dir=3D"auto">nb</div><div><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote gmail_quote_con=
tainer"><div dir=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr">On Sun, Jun 7, 2026 at 20:38 =
Franck Martin &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" rel=3D"nofollow=
 noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">franck=
@peachymango.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" =
style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb( 204 , 204 , 20=
4 );padding-left:1ex"><div><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' =
, sans-serif;font-size:12pt"><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica=
' , sans-serif">I spent some time diving into various K8S deployments. K8S =
is great, but you really really need to standardize your deployments. And b=
ecause K8S uses eBPF, and sometimes some network namespaces and sometimes n=
ot, you can no longer trust /proc/net to tell you the reality. you need to =
dive into the namespaces too...</div><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'h=
elvetica' , sans-serif"><br></div><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helv=
etica' , sans-serif">so K8S NAT is often not stored in the routing or iptab=
le, but in eBPF, and it is very hard to get that information when you are o=
n the host itself... At least that was my experience.</div><div style=3D"fo=
nt-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif"><br></div><div style=3D"font-=
family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif">having K8S with IPv6-only makes =
life much easier.</div><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sa=
ns-serif"><br></div><hr id=3D"m_-8132224587898458546zwchr" style=3D"font-fa=
mily:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif"><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' =
, 'helvetica' , sans-serif"><b style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' ,=
 sans-serif">From: </b>"Nick Buraglio" &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:buraglio@forwa=
rdingplane.net" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" re=
l=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_=
blank">[email protected]</a>&gt;<br><b style=3D"font-family:'ari=
al' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif">To: </b>"Xipengxiao" &lt;xipengxiao=3D<a hr=
ef=3D"mailto:[email protected]" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'h=
elvetica' , sans-serif" rel=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopen=
er noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt;<br><b =
style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif">Cc: </b>"Franck Ma=
rtin" &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" style=3D"font-family:'a=
rial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" rel=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofol=
low noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt;, =
"Brian E Carpenter" &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" styl=
e=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" rel=3D"nofollow noopen=
er noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">brian.e.carpe=
[email protected]</a>&gt;, "S Moonesamy" &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sm%2Bietf@eland=
sys.com" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" rel=3D"no=
follow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">=
[email protected]</a>&gt;, "witarea" &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:witarea@ietf.=
org" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" rel=3D"nofoll=
ow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">wita=
[email protected]</a>&gt;, "ietf" &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" style=3D"=
font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" rel=3D"nofollow noopener no=
referrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&=
gt;, "v6ops" &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" style=3D"font-family:'ar=
ial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" rel=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofoll=
ow noopener noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt;<br><b styl=
e=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif">Sent: </b>Sunday, June=
 7, 2026 8:32:24 AM<br><b style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans=
-serif">Subject: </b>Re: [v6ops] Re: How to make an elegant IPv4 outage<br>=
</div></div></div><div><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sa=
ns-serif;font-size:12pt"><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , =
sans-serif"><br></div><div style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , san=
s-serif"><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , san=
s-serif">+1</div><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetic=
a' , sans-serif"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:'arial' ,=
 'helvetica' , sans-serif">We have done k8s with IPv6-only in our data cent=
ers and once the initial hurdles are past, it is significantly easier to wo=
rk with.&nbsp;</div><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helve=
tica' , sans-serif">Where the complications lie are in the random libraries=
 inside of random containers, and in some cases in the container repositori=
es.&nbsp;</div><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica'=
 , sans-serif">I=E2=80=99m curious to see what your experience is/was, and =
how it differed from ours, if at all.&nbsp;</div><div dir=3D"auto" style=3D=
"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif"><br></div><div dir=3D"auto=
" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif">nb</div><div sty=
le=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif"><br><div class=3D"gma=
il_quote" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif"><div dir=
=3D"ltr" class=3D"gmail_attr" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , =
sans-serif">On Fri, Jun 5, 2026 at 10:21 Xipengxiao &lt;xipengxiao=3D<a hre=
f=3D"mailto:[email protected]" rel=3D"nofollow noopener noreferre=
r nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-=
family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">40huawei.com@d=
marc.ietf.org</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" sty=
le=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb( 204 , 204 , 204 )=
;padding-left:1ex;font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif">Hi Franck=
,<br>
<br>
You are very welcome to take the lead on "Deploying IPv6 in the Data Center=
/Enterprises".&nbsp; We look forward to your drafts.<br>
<br>
XiPeng <br>
<br>
-----Original Message-----<br>
From: Franck Martin &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" rel=3D"no=
follow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener n=
oreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=
=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt; <br>
Sent: Thursday, June 4, 2026 1:51 AM<br>
To: Brian E Carpenter &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" re=
l=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noo=
pener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" =
target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt;<br>
Cc: S Moonesamy &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sm%[email protected]" rel=3D"nofoll=
ow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noref=
errer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_=
blank">[email protected]</a>&gt;; witarea &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:witarea@=
ietf.org" rel=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer =
nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , =
sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt;; ietf &lt;<a href=3D=
"mailto:[email protected]" rel=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopene=
r noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , '=
helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt;; <a href=
=3D"mailto:[email protected]" rel=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noo=
pener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial'=
 , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a><br>
Subject: [v6ops] Re: How to make an elegant IPv4 outage<br>
<br>
Adding v6ops to the list of Cc<br>
<br>
Brian,<br>
<br>
Getting myself up to date with the v6ops.<br>
<br>
I see there is a milestone to adopt by dec 2026 Deploying IPv6 in the Data =
Center and Deploying IPv6 in the Enterprise. I have some experience with th=
is having done that at LinkedIn and been very close to an IPv6-only deploym=
ent. I also was aware of what was happening at the mothership at Microsoft.=
 <br>
<br>
I don=E2=80=99t see any lead for this besides the WG chair. I would be happ=
y to contribute and may be to reach out to folks. I quickly looked through =
the archives but did not see anything obvious on those topics.<br>
<br>
Franck<br>
<br>
&gt; On Jun 3, 2026, at 15:34, Brian E Carpenter &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:bria=
[email protected]" rel=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noope=
ner noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' ,=
 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a=
>&gt; wrote:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Franck,<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; You definitely need to keep <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" rel=3D"n=
ofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener =
noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=
=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a> aware of this.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; I assume you are aware of <a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/=
draft-palet-v6ops-ipv6-only/" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferre=
r nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-=
family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://datatr=
acker.ietf.org/doc/draft-palet-v6ops-ipv6-only/</a> and other work in v6ops=
 related to IPv6-only and IPv6-mostly.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Regards/Ng=C4=81 mihi<br>
&gt;&nbsp; &nbsp;Brian Carpenter<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; On 04-Jun-26 09:29, Franck Martin wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt; Moving to Witarea, but keeping ietf in the loop for the moment.<br=
>
&gt;&gt; Hi Surya,<br>
&gt;&gt; Many thanks for those great points.<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; On Jun 3, 2026, at 13:00, S Moonesamy &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sm=
%[email protected]" rel=3D"nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener=
 noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'h=
elvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">[email protected]</a>&gt; wrot=
e:<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; Hi Franck,<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; [Cc to witarea@]<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; At 11:32 AM 03-06-2026, Franck Martin wrote:<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; Today I submitted this Internet Draft (I-D) to the IETF <b=
r>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-r=
etry-over-ipv6/" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow no=
opener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial=
' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.or=
g/doc/draft-martin-retry-over-ipv6/</a><br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; I have been building this site: <a href=3D"http://pacific.=
ipv6forum.com/" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noo=
pener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial'=
 , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">pacific.ipv6forum.com</a> an=
d I have been wondering, how could I do an IPv4 outage on this site on 6/6?=
<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; I have also seen that Czechoslovakia has mandated the end =
of IPv4 on government sites on 6/6/2032, 6 years from now.<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; I also recall (from recent experience) that it is relative=
ly easy to reach &gt;90% of IPv6 connections to an internal network (think =
datacenter), but the remaining last % are difficult to identify (or discard=
) because services may misbehave and prefer IPv4 from time to time: You don=
't know if they can't really do IPv4 or if they did not bother to do IPv6.<=
br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; In an enterprise environment, micro-services are made redu=
ndant, there are multiple IPs and have fallback mechanisms when they encoun=
ter a 5xx error on one endpoint.<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; So, I started to work on this Internet Draft. It is ready =
for the first round of public comments. I suspect, if successful, it will t=
ake 1 or 2 years to make it a standard. Then an extra 1 or 2 years, before =
it is implemented on enough clients (and browsers), we will be just in time=
 for doing enough IPv4 outages on 6/6 to meet the 6/6/2032 deadline.<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; There is a recent thread about IPv6 at <a href=3D"https://mail=
archive.ietf.org/arch/msg/ipv6/BxSOgbF34xbBcijtxf85Pfnb5tc/" rel=3D"norefer=
rer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noop=
ener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" t=
arget=3D"_blank">https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/ipv6/BxSOgbF34xbBcij=
txf85Pfnb5tc/</a> I don't remember seeing anything resulting from that disc=
ussion.&nbsp; Having a draft is, relatively, better than the usual email di=
scussion.&nbsp; The draft falls under the WIT Area and v6ops (which is in a=
nother IETF Area).<br>
&gt;&gt; I quickly read the thread, and also asked for a summary. I agree w=
ith many points like : some mobiles are IPv6-only (T-Mobile, Reliance,=E2=
=80=A6), some networks are IPv6-only on the management side (Comcast),.. St=
arLink is moving the needle A LOT in small countries, see countries on <a h=
ref=3D"https://pacific.ipv6forum.com/" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener =
noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=
=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https=
://pacific.ipv6forum.com</a> &lt;<a href=3D"https://pacific.ipv6forum.com/"=
 rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferre=
r nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' =
, sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://pacific.ipv6forum.com</a>&gt;.. but=
 yes the frontier is Entreprise adoption. I have some experience here that =
I=E2=80=99m trying to share.<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; Section 1.1 of the draft states that "Governments are also pub=
lishing fixed IPv4 end dates" and lists one example [1].&nbsp; Are there an=
y other governments which have a fixed end date?<br>
&gt;&gt; I am not aware of other governments that have published an equally=
 <br>
&gt;&gt; specific =E2=80=9CIPv4 service ends on &lt;date&gt;=E2=80=9D polic=
y for their public <br>
&gt;&gt; services. Several others publish IPv6 transition *milestones* rath=
er <br>
&gt;&gt; than a fixed IPv4 shutdown date =E2=80=94 for example, US OMB M-21=
-07 (80% of <br>
&gt;&gt; federal IP-enabled assets in IPv6-only environments by FY 2025, wi=
th <br>
&gt;&gt; strategic intent to phase out IPv4): <br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/M=
-21-07.pdf" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopene=
r noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , '=
helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-co=
ntent/uploads/2020/11/M-21-07.pdf</a><br>
&gt;&gt; The Netherlands and others have long-standing IPv6 =E2=80=9Cuse-or=
-explain=E2=80=9D or adoption targets, but not, to my knowledge, a single p=
ublished IPv4 end date comparable to the Czech case.<br>
&gt;&gt; There was also a memo from the State of Washington going in the sa=
me <br>
&gt;&gt; direction=E2=80=A6 I used to track all those=E2=80=A6 looks like I=
 need to do that again.<br>
&gt;&gt; And I agree that those memos come and go=E2=80=A6 Why? Because it =
is not trivial, we (IETF?) ought to make it easier.<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; Section 3 of the draft states that "Many operators plan to rem=
ove or disable IPv4 while retaining IPv6 service."&nbsp; Are those plans av=
ailable on the operators' websites?<br>
&gt;&gt; I tend to abuse the word =E2=80=9CMany=E2=80=9D, you caught me! I =
make a note to change it to =E2=80=9CSome"<br>
&gt;&gt; That being said:<br>
&gt;&gt;&nbsp; * Meta is IPv6-only in their data centers: <br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://engineering.fb.com/2017/01/17/production-engine=
ering/legacy-s" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noo=
pener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial'=
 , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://engineering.fb.com/2=
017/01/17/production-engineering/legacy-s</a><br>
&gt;&gt; upport-on-ipv6-only-infra/ <br>
&gt;&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"https://engineering.fb.com/2017/01/17/production-en=
gineering/legacy-" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow =
noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'ari=
al' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://engineering.fb.co=
m/2017/01/17/production-engineering/legacy-</a><br>
&gt;&gt; support-on-ipv6-only-infra/&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;&nbsp; * Google Cloud has guidance for IPv6-only: <br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking/conne=
ct-ipv6-only-w" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noo=
pener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial'=
 , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://cloud.google.com/blo=
g/products/networking/connect-ipv6-only-w</a><br>
&gt;&gt; orkloads-to-ipv4-with-dns64-and-nat64 <br>
&gt;&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/networking/c=
onnect-ipv6-only-" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow =
noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'ari=
al' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://cloud.google.com/=
blog/products/networking/connect-ipv6-only-</a><br>
&gt;&gt; workloads-to-ipv4-with-dns64-and-nat64&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;&nbsp; * All the could providers are moving to support IPv6 (becaus=
e for <br>
&gt;&gt; instance K8S bring undue complexity when you use NAT, also with th=
e <br>
&gt;&gt; explosion of AI agents, this will not be sustainable, I=E2=80=99m =
not worry, <br>
&gt;&gt; they can afford to buy large chunks of IPv4 - side note: I spoke <=
br>
&gt;&gt; recently with a banker on why IPv4 is not on the balance sheet of =
<br>
&gt;&gt; companies?)<br>
&gt;&gt;&nbsp; * Cisco has an IPv6-only building: <br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://blogs.cisco.com/networking/an-ipv6-campus-of-th=
e-future" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener =
noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'he=
lvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://blogs.cisco.com/networking=
/an-ipv6-campus-of-the-future</a> <br>
&gt;&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"https://blogs.cisco.com/networking/an-ipv6-campus-o=
f-the-future" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noope=
ner noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' ,=
 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://blogs.cisco.com/networ=
king/an-ipv6-campus-of-the-future</a>&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;&nbsp; * Orange is considering IPv6-only: <br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DahlY1vwM8qE" rel=3D"n=
oreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollo=
w noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-se=
rif" target=3D"_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DahlY1vwM8qE</a> <b=
r>
&gt;&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DahlY1vwM8qE" rel=
=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer no=
follow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sa=
ns-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DahlY1vwM8qE</=
a>&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;&nbsp; * Microsoft has IPv6-only deployments (I know that in Azure =
this is <br>
&gt;&gt; way more complicated): <br>
&gt;&gt; <a href=3D"https://labs.ripe.net/author/mirjam/ipv6-only-at-micros=
oft/" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener nore=
ferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvet=
ica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://labs.ripe.net/author/mirjam/ip=
v6-only-at-microsoft/</a> <br>
&gt;&gt; &lt;<a href=3D"https://labs.ripe.net/author/mirjam/ipv6-only-at-mi=
crosoft/" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener =
noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'he=
lvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://labs.ripe.net/author/mirja=
m/ipv6-only-at-microsoft/</a>&gt;<br>
&gt;&gt;&nbsp; * LinkedIn is moving to Dual Stack and IPv6-only in their Da=
tacenters. I may point you to the links in this post: <a href=3D"https://ww=
w.patreon.com/posts/ipv6-in-lessons-159595711" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow n=
oopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferre=
r" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blan=
k">https://www.patreon.com/posts/ipv6-in-lessons-159595711</a> where I shar=
e my experience with IPv6.<br>
&gt;&gt; On this last point, I want to say my motivation is more on how to =
make life easier for internal deployments than external deployments. As suc=
h I found out that making a software outage is easier than an infrastructur=
e outage, and easier and faster to rollback. =E2=80=9CYou can=E2=80=99t fix=
 what you don=E2=80=99t measure=E2=80=9D, if you can differentiate an IPv4 =
outage from any other outage, then you don=E2=80=99t know what to fix.<br>
&gt;&gt; I=E2=80=99m not expecting the web browsers to implement anything f=
ast, but I think we can have =E2=80=9Cfaster=E2=80=9D implementation in ope=
n source software like gRPC and Rest.Li to make life easier in enterprises,=
 therefore impacting other software in those enterprises, which will lead t=
o make it easier on the public Internet...<br>
&gt;&gt; So thanks for all those valid points, I=E2=80=99ll figure out how =
to better answer them in version -01.<br>
&gt;&gt; I tried to address the same with email, a while back. See those ex=
pired ID: <a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-ipv=
6-to-ipv4-fallback/" rel=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollo=
w noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'a=
rial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.iet=
f.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-ipv6-to-ipv4-fallback/</a> &lt;<a href=3D"https=
://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-ipv6-to-ipv4-fallback/" rel=
=3D"noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer no=
follow noopener noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sa=
ns-serif" target=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-s=
mtp-ipv6-to-ipv4-fallback/</a>&gt;, <a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org=
/doc/draft-martin-smtp-target-host-selection-ipv4-ipv6/" rel=3D"noreferrer =
nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener=
 noreferrer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" targe=
t=3D"_blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-target-host=
-selection-ipv4-ipv6/</a> &lt;<a href=3D"https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/d=
raft-martin-smtp-target-host-selection-ipv4-ipv6/" rel=3D"noreferrer nofoll=
ow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noreferrer nofollow noopener noref=
errer" style=3D"font-family:'arial' , 'helvetica' , sans-serif" target=3D"_=
blank">https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-martin-smtp-target-host-selec=
tion-ipv4-ipv6/</a>&gt;. I hope this ID has a bit more chances.<br>
&gt;&gt; Franck<br>
&gt;&gt; PS: if any has more references of mandate or wannabe mandates, ple=
ase let me know.<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; Regards,<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; S. Moonesamy<br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; <br>
&gt;&gt;&gt; 1. The IPv6 adoption rate for a social network in that country=
 is 35.2%.<br>
<br>
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