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I have some comments, very criticalones, on a one hour PBS film which aired=
last night =E2=80=93 Klansville USA -- whichtried to capture the rapid ris=
e and eventual fall of the very large North Carolinasection of the United K=
lans of America.(Thisof mine is not an especially polished piece.) In those=
days, I was the FieldOrganizer for the leftist but non-sectarian Southern =
Conference EducationalFund.It is likely that I am the lastliving person who=
is a genuinely knowledgeable and personal authority on thatturbulent and f=
ascinating period in that very large Carolina setting =E2=80=93 and I dofee=
l obligated to say something.Thetitle of the film comes from the recent boo=
k of the same name by sociologistDavid Cunningham.
While I haven=E2=80=99t read Cunningham=E2=80=99sbook, I have seen substant=
ial excerpts from it.I give it a B grade (=E2=80=9CB as in Baker.=E2=80=9D)=
The film is based in part on thatbook and it might have profited from usin=
g more of it.
I give the film itself an F.If I were a supervising professor, I wouldsend =
it back for a total re-do.
I heard about the film a year agowhen one of its prime movers got in contac=
t with me.She, obviously fairly new to these racial and civil rights matter=
s, and others with her,had seen much of our website material on our multi-c=
ounty North CarolinaBlackbelt project =E2=80=93 a very significant success =
story which faced muchharassment from United Klans and some other racist ou=
tfits.
This was the period, a year ago, inwhich my younger brother died =E2=80=93 =
I was handling a number of responsibilities asthe oldest brother -- but I g=
ave the Klansville USA person more than two interviewhours on the phone and=
answered several of her e-mails replete withquestions.Then I heard nothing=
furtherfrom her, didn=E2=80=99t receive even a pro-forma thank-you note, a=
nd assumed theproject had somehow died.
What did emerge, as a presumablydocumentary film, contained Zero of that wh=
ich I=E2=80=99d provided.It=E2=80=99s an extraordinarily lopsided job =E2=
=80=93 focused mostly on the publicside of the UKA in North Carolina, which=
, like almost all Klan outfits everywhere,publicly and piously professed no=
n-violence. It ignores the dark and sinisterunderside which did its nefario=
us things in dark places.Its human focus is on the very effective UKAgrand =
dragon in North Carolina, J.R. =E2=80=9CBob=E2=80=9D Jones.The film points =
out what=E2=80=99s broadly known =E2=80=93 theKlans were largely populated =
by low income, marginal whites. But the film failsto mention that there wer=
e also plenty of middle class whites =E2=80=93 and oftencovert funding from=
very well to do Anglos.The latter group included, for example, textile mil=
l owners and managersseeking to keep unions at bay.
North Carolina carefully constructeda kind of =E2=80=9Cmoderate Image=E2=80=
=9D =E2=80=93 but the realities were quite different. There wasplenty of at=
tempted state repression ofcivil rights activism and that was a high priori=
ty of its State Bureau ofInvestigation =E2=80=93 similar in thrust and effi=
ciency to South Carolina=E2=80=99s SLED. As Ihave noted, although there are=
allusions, there is little in the film aboutKlan and related racist violen=
ce which was prevalent.We encountered much of that in our Blackbeltproject =
=E2=80=93 e.g., burning crosses, arson, shootings, night beatings, armed Kl=
anmotorcades in Black neighborhoods, anti-Black violence during voterregist=
ration periods, much more.
I was the first civil rightsorganizer who, in November 1964, traveled to th=
e Governor=E2=80=99s office andsuccessfully demanded that the state provide=
highway patrolmen a day before,during, and a day after, the prevalent Klan=
rallies being held near Blackcommunities and neighborhoods.When theGov and=
his staff initially balked, I told them we=E2=80=99d practice principled a=
ndarmed self-defense in accordance with our Second Amendment rights.We got =
the state troopers =E2=80=93 no great prizesbut better than most of the loc=
al law enforcement agencies which were oftenKlan-infiltrated, something tha=
t the film fails to mention.
The film tends to understate the peakmembership of UKA in North Carolina =
=E2=80=93 setting it at 10,000.But, in late 1964, an elderly white man atNe=
w York City and a SCEF supporter, wrote then Governor Sanford about the Kla=
nsituation in our Blackbelt region.Hewas Solon DeLeon =E2=80=93 son of hist=
oric American radical, Daniel DeLeon.Gov Sanford wrote him back, indicating=
UKAmembership in North Carolina was about 20,000 which the Gov didn=E2=80=
=99t feel was allthat large, given the significant population of the state.=
(Copies of that interesting letter are in mycollected papers at Wisconsin a=
nd Mississippi.)
We kept going in our geographicallylarge Blackbelt section =E2=80=93 and th=
e several other civil rights organizers in thestate, and their people, did =
likewise in their respective settings.
But this brings me to the most singular omission in the film =E2=80=93 the =
absenceof almost anything involving Klan interaction with the Black communi=
ties =E2=80=93which, again, kept moving forward on the civil rights front.A=
lthough the film erroneously credits the FBIwith playing a key role in the =
demise of UKA in North Carolina, and evenerroneously credits as well, the d=
estructive and civil liberties mangling HouseUn-American Activities Committ=
ee, the invincible force successfully putting theKlan on the skids was the =
courage andfortitude of a vast number of grassrootsAfrican Americans and th=
eir too-few non-Black allies.
(There is much on our North Carolinawork, as there is on other organizing c=
ampaigns of mine, in my collectedpapers.Those on North Carolina alonefill t=
wo very large boxes.
There is also much on our Lair ofHunterbear website and some on Civil Right=
s Movement Veterans.Among our key North Carolina website links are
http://hunterbear.org/NORTH%20CAROLINA_OUR%20SUCCESSFUL%20BLACK%20BELT%20MO=
VEMENT.htm
http://www.hunterbear.org/creative.htm
http://www.hunterbear.org/poverty_wars_and_the_seeds_of_la.htm
http://www.hunterbear.org/willacofield.htm
Sincerely and fraternally,
Hunter Bear
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<html><body bgcolor=3D"#ffffff">
<p><br></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">I have some comments, very critical
ones, on a one hour PBS film which aired last night =E2=80=93 Klansville US=
A -- which
tried to capture the rapid rise and eventual fall of the very large North C=
arolina
section of the United Klans of America.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;">&=
nbsp; </span>(This
of mine is not an especially polished piece.) In those days, I was the Fiel=
d
Organizer for the leftist but non-sectarian Southern Conference Educational
Fund.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is likely that I a=
m the last
living person who is a genuinely knowledgeable and personal authority on th=
at
turbulent and fascinating period in that very large Carolina setting =E2=80=
=93 and I do
feel obligated to say something.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> <=
/span>The
title of the film comes from the recent book of the same name by sociologis=
t
David Cunningham.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" si=
ze=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">While I haven=E2=80=99t read Cunningham=E2=80=99s
book, I have seen substantial excerpts from it.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun:=
yes;">
</span>I give it a B grade (=E2=80=9CB as in Baker.=E2=80=9D) The film is b=
ased in part on that
book and it might have profited from using more of it.</font></span></b></p=
><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">I give the film itself an F.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: y=
es;"> </span>If I were a supervising professor, I would
send it back for a total re-do.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times=
New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">I heard about the film a year ago
when one of its prime movers got in contact with me.<span style=3D"mso-spac=
erun: yes;"> </span>She, obviously fairly new to these racial <span s=
tyle=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and civil rights matters, and othe=
rs with her,
had seen much of our website material on our multi-county North Carolina
Blackbelt project =E2=80=93 a very significant success story which faced mu=
ch
harassment from United Klans and some other racist outfits.</font></span></=
b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">This was the period, a year ago, in
which my younger brother died =E2=80=93 I was handling a number of responsi=
bilities as
the oldest brother -- but I gave the Klansville USA person more than t=
wo interview
hours on the phone and answered several of her e-mails replete with
questions.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Then I heard not=
hing further
from her, didn=E2=80=99t receive even a pro-forma thank-you note, and assum=
ed the
project had somehow died.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New R=
oman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">What did emerge, as a presumably
documentary film, contained Zero of that which I=E2=80=99d provided.<span s=
tyle=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It=E2=80=99s an extraordinarily <=
span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>lopsided job =E2=80=93 focus=
ed mostly on the public
side of the UKA in North Carolina, which, like almost all Klan outfits ever=
ywhere,
publicly and piously professed non-violence. It ignores the dark and sinist=
er
underside which did its nefarious things in dark places.<span style=3D"mso-=
spacerun: yes;"> </span>Its human focus is on the very effective UKA
grand dragon in North Carolina, J.R. =E2=80=9CBob=E2=80=9D Jones.<span styl=
e=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The film points out what=E2=80=99s b=
roadly known =E2=80=93 the
Klans were largely populated by low income, marginal whites. But the film f=
ails
to mention that there were also plenty of middle class whites =E2=80=93 and=
often
covert funding from very well to do Anglos.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes=
;">
</span>The latter group included, for example, textile mill owners and mana=
gers
seeking to keep unions at bay.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times =
New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">North Carolina carefully constructed
a kind of =E2=80=9Cmoderate Image=E2=80=9D =E2=80=93 but the realities were=
quite different. There was
plenty of attempted <span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>state r=
epression of
civil rights activism and that was a high priority of its State Bureau of
Investigation =E2=80=93 similar in thrust and efficiency to South Carolina=
=E2=80=99s SLED. As I
have noted, although there are allusions, there is little in the film about
Klan and related racist violence which was prevalent.<span style=3D"mso-spa=
cerun: yes;"> </span>We encountered much of that in our Blackbelt
project =E2=80=93 e.g., burning crosses, arson, shootings, night beatings, =
armed Klan
motorcades in Black neighborhoods, anti-Black violence during voter
registration periods, much more.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Time=
s New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">I was the first civil rights
organizer who, in November 1964, traveled to the Governor=E2=80=99s office =
and
successfully demanded that the state provide highway patrolmen a day before=
,
during, and a day after, the prevalent Klan rallies being held near Black
communities and neighborhoods.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </s=
pan>When the
Gov and his staff initially balked, I told them we=E2=80=99d practice princ=
ipled and
armed self-defense in accordance with our Second Amendment rights.<span sty=
le=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We got the state troopers =E2=80=93=
no great prizes
but better than most of the local law enforcement agencies which were often
Klan-infiltrated, something that the film fails to mention.</font></span></=
b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">The film tends to understate the peak
membership of UKA in North Carolina =E2=80=93 setting it at 10,000.<span st=
yle=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>But, in late 1964, an elderly whit=
e man at
New York City and a SCEF supporter, wrote then Governor Sanford about the K=
lan
situation in our Blackbelt region.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> =
</span>He
was Solon DeLeon =E2=80=93 son of historic American radical, Daniel DeLeon.=
<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Gov Sanford wrote him back=
, indicating UKA
membership in North Carolina was about 20,000 which the Gov didn=E2=80=99t =
feel was all
that large, given the significant population of the state.<span style=3D"ms=
o-spacerun: yes;"> </span>(Copies of that interesting letter are in m=
y
collected papers at Wisconsin and Mississippi.)</font></span></b></p><p><fo=
nt face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">We kept going in our geographically
large Blackbelt section =E2=80=93 and the several other civil rights organi=
zers in the
state, and their people, did likewise in their respective settings.</font><=
/span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">But this brings me to <span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;">&=
nbsp;</span>the most singular omission in the film =E2=80=93 the absence
of almost anything involving Klan interaction with the Black communities =
=E2=80=93
which, again, kept moving forward on the civil rights front.<span style=3D"=
mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Although the film erroneously credits the=
FBI
with playing a key role in the demise of UKA in North Carolina, and even
erroneously credits as well, the destructive and civil liberties mangling H=
ouse
Un-American Activities Committee, the invincible force successfully putting=
the
Klan on the skids was the courage <span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> =
</span>and
fortitude of a vast number of grassroots<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;">=
</span>African Americans and their too-few non-Black allies.</font></span><=
/b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">(There is much on our North Carolina
work, as there is on other organizing campaigns of mine, in my collected
papers.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Those on North Caro=
lina alone
fill two very large boxes.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New =
Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">There is also much on our Lair of
Hunterbear website and some on Civil Rights Movement Veterans.<span style=
=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Among our key <span style=3D"mso-spac=
erun: yes;"> </span>North Carolina website links are</font></span></b>=
</p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><a hre=
f=3D"http://hunterbear.org/NORTH%20CAROLINA_OUR%20SUCCESSFUL%20BLACK%20BELT=
%20MOVEMENT.htm" mce_href=3D"http://hunterbear.org/NORTH%20CAROLINA_OUR%20S=
UCCESSFUL%20BLACK%20BELT%20MOVEMENT.htm"><font color=3D"#0563c1" face=3D"Ca=
libri">http://hunterbear.org/NORTH%20CAROLINA_OUR%20SUCCESSFUL%20BLACK%20BE=
LT%20MOVEMENT.htm</font></a></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman=
" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><a hre=
f=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org/creative.htm" mce_href=3D"http://www.hunterb=
ear.org/creative.htm"><font color=3D"#0563c1" face=3D"Calibri">http://www.h=
unterbear.org/creative.htm</font></a></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times =
New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><a hre=
f=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org/poverty_wars_and_the_seeds_of_la.htm" mce_hr=
ef=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org/poverty_wars_and_the_seeds_of_la.htm"><font=
color=3D"#0563c1" face=3D"Calibri">http://www.hunterbear.org/poverty_wars_=
and_the_seeds_of_la.htm</font></a></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New=
Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><a hre=
f=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org/willacofield.htm" mce_href=3D"http://www.hun=
terbear.org/willacofield.htm"><font color=3D"#0563c1" face=3D"Calibri">http=
://www.hunterbear.org/willacofield.htm</font></a></span></b></p><p><font fa=
ce=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3"><br></font></p>=
<p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;=
"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font face=3D"Calibri=
">Sincerely and fraternally,</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times Ne=
w Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">Hunter Bear</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times Ne=
w Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"><br></font></span></b></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;=
"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 10=
7%; font-size: 18pt;"><font face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p=
><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Rom=
an" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Rom=
an" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Rom=
an" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Rom=
an" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Rom=
an" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Rom=
an" size=3D"3">
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weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 18pt;"><font =
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