Re: [dinosaur] Avian footpad scales + big Paleocene penguin from New Zealand + snakebird evolution

The penguin paper now has a free pdf:

Gerald Mayr, Vanesa L. De Pietri, Leigh Love, Al Mannering & R. Paul
Scofield (2019)
Leg bones of a new penguin species from the Waipara Greensand add to the
diversity of very large-sized Sphenisciformes in the Paleocene of New
Zealand.
Alcheringa (advance online publication)
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1080_03115518.2019.1641619&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=vswNMzbaVFWGeaTCW2fWI8Wu5xdFqUjZvY-H03tSxe8&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.tandfonline.com_doi_full_10.1080_03115518.2019.1641619&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=4Cf_NMKcGqQQ_6mCPQKaZzjUARw_rJnc9Gdi62ahYuI&e= 

Free pdf:
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.tandfonline.com_doi_pdf_10.1080_03115518.2019.1641619&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=sspQo8a3CIbaD37ErzFHHuFMq2nN3g4yZ0iXPzANhHs&e= 


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On Tue, Aug 13, 2019 at 10:55 AM Ben Creisler <[email protected]> wrote:

>
> Ben Creisler
> [email protected]
>
> Some recent avian papers:
>
> Free pdf:
>
> Rory L. Cooper, Victoria J. Lloyd, Nicolas Di-Poï, Alexander G. Fletcher,
> Paul M. Barrett & Gareth J. Fraser  (2019)
> Conserved gene signalling and a derived patterning mechanism underlie the
> development of avian footpad scales.
> EvoDevo 10, Article number: 19
> doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1186_s13227-2D019-2D0130-2D9&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=9VJzdObwrfC3LTS6wWEHVGYqi08vD1ekpTUNy3Hqjuo&e= 
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__evodevojournal.biomedcentral.com_articles_10.1186_s13227-2D019-2D0130-2D9&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=906b_Dp7IlLSE2AgGSAkOZcwGJ699vKs-jSs7pYideQ&e= 
>
> Free pdf:
>
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__evodevojournal.biomedcentral.com_track_pdf_10.1186_s13227-2D019-2D0130-2D9&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=xRr1y_ppBMVVI40TcqLxF-jD7YHFGW6ogwbxafGDVRE&e= 
>
>
> Background
> Vertebrates possess a diverse range of integumentary epithelial
> appendages, including scales, feathers and hair. These structures share
> extensive early developmental homology, as they mostly originate from a
> conserved anatomical placode. In the context of avian epithelial
> appendages, feathers and scutate scales are known to develop from an
> anatomical placode. However, our understanding of avian reticulate
> (footpad) scale development remains unclear.
>
> Results
> Here, we demonstrate that reticulate scales develop from restricted
> circular domains of thickened epithelium, with localised conserved gene
> expression in both the epithelium and underlying mesenchyme. These domains
> constitute either anatomical placodes, or circular initiatory fields
> (comparable to the avian feather tract). Subsequent patterning of
> reticulate scales is consistent with reaction–diffusion (RD) simulation,
> whereby this primary domain subdivides into smaller secondary units, which
> produce individual scales. In contrast, the footpad scales of a squamate
> model (the bearded dragon, Pogona vitticeps) develop synchronously across
> the ventral footpad surface.
>
> Conclusions
> Widely conserved gene signalling underlies the initial development of
> avian reticulate scales. However, their subsequent patterning is distinct
> from the footpad scale patterning of a squamate model, and the feather and
> scutate scale patterning of birds. Therefore, we suggest reticulate scales
> are a comparatively derived epithelial appendage, patterned through a
> modified RD system.
>
> =====
>
>
> ?Crossvallia waiparensis, sp. nov.
>
> Gerald Mayr, Vanesa L. De Pietri, Leigh Love, Al Mannering & R. Paul
> Scofield (2019)
> Leg bones of a new penguin species from the Waipara Greensand add to the
> diversity of very large-sized Sphenisciformes in the Paleocene of New
> Zealand.
> Alcheringa (advance online publication)
> doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1080_03115518.2019.1641619&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=vswNMzbaVFWGeaTCW2fWI8Wu5xdFqUjZvY-H03tSxe8&e= 
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.tandfonline.com_doi_full_10.1080_03115518.2019.1641619&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=4Cf_NMKcGqQQ_6mCPQKaZzjUARw_rJnc9Gdi62ahYuI&e= 
>
>
> We describe a new large-sized species of the Sphenisciformes (penguins)
> from Paleocene strata of the Waipara Greensand in New Zealand. ?Crossvallia
> waiparensis, sp. nov. is represented by leg bones of a single individual as
> well as two tentatively referred proximal humeri and resembles Crossvallia
> unienwillia from the late Paleocene of Antarctica in size and morphology.
> The new species is the fifth published species of stem group
> Sphenisciformes from the Waipara Greensand and the fourth one, which has
> been formally named. It is distinguished from a recently reported
> tarsometatarsus of an unnamed large-sized penguin species from the Waipara
> Greensand and is the oldest well-represented giant penguin. ?C. waiparensis
> approaches the size of the Eocene taxa Anthropornis and Palaeeudyptes and
> provides further evidence that penguins attained a very large size early in
> their evolutionary history.
>
> ===
>
>
> Martyn Kennedy,  Sampath S. Seneviratne,  Ushawarni K. Mendis  & Hamish G.
> Spencer (2019)
> Sorting out the Snakebirds: The species status, phylogeny, and
> biogeography of the Darters (Aves: Anhingidae).
> Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research (advance
> online publication)
> doi:  https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1111_jzs.12299&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=XOHgnvqZb4TUGWxmf7hoK9V9ordHDwIL6GifNme76mc&e= 
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1111_jzs.12299&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=--HMKXeDGjaTJEe95QEcI7ZZ7mJ1NNdvEv3BrFpVdSI&e= 
>
>
> Although the avian family Anhingidae is unequivocally monophyletic, the
> number and relationships of the component species within the single genus
> (Anhinga) have long remained unclear. Here, we use extensive mitochondrial
> and nuclear DNA sequence data (8,878 bp) to show that four species should
> be recognized. Our fully resolved and well‐supported tree shows that the
> American Anhinga (Anhinga anhinga) is sister to the three Old World
> species, with the Oriental (A. melanogaster) and African (A. rufa) Darters
> sister within the Old World clade, which also includes the Australian
> Darter (A. novaehollandiae). We estimate that the divergence between the
> New World and Old World branches occurred 19-22 mya, with the Australian
> Darter separating from its Old World congeners 14-16 mya and the Oriental
> and African species splitting ~10 mya. The genus is yet another example of
> osteological conservatism in the Suliformes, which is comparable to that
> shown by the cormorants and shags. Nevertheless, the relationships we infer
> are congruent with recent plumage studies and are biogeographically
> plausible. We suggest that further investigation of the variation within
> the African and Australian Darters would be of interest.
>
>
> ======
>
> ======
>
> Also may be of interest:
>
> Free pdf:
>
> Esteban Fernández-Juricic,  Patrice E. Baumhardt,  Luke P. Tyrrell,
>  Amanda Elmore,  Shelagh T. DeLiberto & Scott J. Werner (2019)
> Vision in an abundant North American bird: The Red-winged Blackbird.
> The Auk: ukz039 (advance online publication)
> doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1093_auk_ukz039&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=zNgEK8Q4YWQqKgBpJGUAln_U5_0lJfg7m81B8Uw7cLE&e= 
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__academic.oup.com_auk_advance-2Darticle_doi_10.1093_auk_ukz039_5549081&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=e8RS8qtO_QSPbh-Ivn0j9zAsznTAg1LDULkql6P5KaY&s=tzaxuPY9iVkL7iKG6r-eqO--nE4k3qDpuuFv9HoPQFU&e= 
>
> Avian vision is fundamentally different from human vision; however, even
> within birds there are substantial between-species differences in visual
> perception in terms of visual acuity, visual coverage, and color vision.
> However, there are not many species that have all these visual traits
> described, which can constrain our ability to study the evolution of visual
> systems in birds. To start addressing this gap, we characterized multiple
> traits of the visual system (visual coverage, visual acuity, centers of
> acute vision, and color vision) of the Red-winged Blackbird (Agelaius
> phoeniceus), one of the most abundant and studied birds in North America.
> We found that Red-winged Blackbirds have: wide visual coverage; one center
> of acute vision per eye (fovea) projecting fronto-laterally with high
> density of single and double cones, making it the center of both chromatic
> and achromatic vision; a wide binocular field that does not have the input
> of the centers of acute vision; and an ultraviolet sensitive visual system.
> With this information, we parameterized a Red-winged Blackbird-specific
> perceptual model considering different plumage patches. We found that the
> male red epaulet was chromatically conspicuous but with minimal achromatic
> signal, but the male yellow patch had a lower chromatic but a higher
> achromatic signal, which may be explained by the pigment composition of the
> feathers. However, the female epaulet was not visually conspicuous in both
> the chromatic and achromatic dimensions compared with other female feather
> patches. We discuss the implications of this visual system configuration
> relative to the foraging, antipredator, mate choice, and social behaviors
> of Red-winged Blackbirds. Our findings can be used for comparative studies
> as well as for making more species-specific predictions about different
> visual behaviors for future empirical testing.
>
>
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