Re: [dinosaur] Mammal recovery after K-Pg extinction happened fast + NOVA Rise of the Mammals

Ruben Safir (mrbrklyn.com) asks

> Loxolophus sp. - how do they know that this animal is related to hoofed
> mammals based on just the skull?

Because common names don't reflect actual science...

"Hoofed mammals" are not characterized solely by the existence of hooves.
It is a vernacular shorthand for "ungulate" (or even more, "euungulate").
As with any taxon, they are characterized by traits from across the body,
not solely from one portion that gives them their names. So tooth
characters, braincase features, attributes of the bones associated with the
ear, etc., can all be used to tell which major group of mammals a fossil is
most likely related to.

P.S. Did you actually watch the documentary? Or read the paper?

The documentary is streaming on Amazon, and is available (at least to those
in the US) at https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.pbs.org_video_rise-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dmammals-2Dzuzg8t_&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=yKlOIwk5iFLNvAY2yctCv_TeVbBT5f5Ru4IgHXwMx48&s=fTpliz4hPaR8-XY487NLMF24tB6Oh1gHzsvtPNgP0ps&e= 

The paper is available at
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_early_2019_10_23_science.aay2268.abstract&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=yKlOIwk5iFLNvAY2yctCv_TeVbBT5f5Ru4IgHXwMx48&s=vl2RBzsnPOKAUkt6nC2xniSujbyvSBSCxMEDvU5sRek&e= 


On Wed, Oct 30, 2019 at 12:07 AM Ruben Safir <[email protected]> wrote:

> On 10/29/19 7:10 PM, Ben Creisler wrote:
> > Ben Creisler
> > [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
> >
> > The Denver Museum of Nature and Science website has posted new material
> > about the find:
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__coloradosprings.dmns.org_&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=mB2I0bPG3lPONspJf5vPsMtPwvYBu7uCl5B7qecdGf4&e=
> > <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__coloradosprings.dmns.org_&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=M0CPtneq3n5MNEfKNa_IIZb92SGtaqucNP-ZEh9w1Ws&e=
> >
> >
> > However, when you click on the Mammal gallery, you get a wrong etymology:
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__coloradosprings.dmns.org_the-2Dmammals_&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=UtJjMx-R_4p6f2E1RHwBEvC1SfL8XvA5EmqznZRKEgg&e=
> > <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__coloradosprings.dmns.org_the-2Dmammals_&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=o26KdRNoS8-kaoIxZiaBdpvD982FlbAoJbITzfiZsyo&e=
> >Â Â
> >
> > Taeniolabis means "banded incisor" (not "ribbon lips" (from Wikipedia it
> > seems), which makes no sense!). Cope used the Greek word labis "tongs,
> > forceps" to refer to incisor teeth.  The name Taeniolabis is referring
> > the band of enamel on the teeth, just as Taeniodonta Cope "banded teeth"
> > refers to "incisors present two bands of enamel, an anterior and a
> > posterior."
> >
> >
> > Greek tainia "band, fillet, ribbon"Â  Â
> > +
> > Greek labis (labidos) "tongs, forceps" > Cope: "incisor (tooth)" (NOT to
> > be confused with unrelated Latin labium "lip"!!)
> >
> >
> > ***
> > Note as well:
> > Labidosaurus Cope  "incisor lizard": "Internal incisor much enlarged,
> > conic, acute, and directed backwards"
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >
> > <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.avg.com_email-2Dsignature-3Futm-5Fmedium-3Demail-26utm-5Fsource-3Dlink-26utm-5Fcampaign-3Dsig-2Demail-26utm-5Fcontent-3Dwebmail&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=BwpX-ZORutEnj6qfPdadCaKN9kpQ65qkzb4oQYiU7DM&e=
> >
> >       Virus-free. www.avg.com
> > <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.avg.com_email-2Dsignature-3Futm-5Fmedium-3Demail-26utm-5Fsource-3Dlink-26utm-5Fcampaign-3Dsig-2Demail-26utm-5Fcontent-3Dwebmail&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=BwpX-ZORutEnj6qfPdadCaKN9kpQ65qkzb4oQYiU7DM&e=
> >
> >
> >
> > <#DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>
> >
> > On Thu, Oct 24, 2019 at 11:36 AM Ben Creisler <[email protected]
> > <mailto:[email protected]>> wrote:
> >
> >
> >     Ben Creisler
> >     [email protected] <mailto:[email protected]>
> >
> >     New papers:
> >
> >     Free pdf:
> >
> >     T. R. Lyson, I. M. Miller, A. D. Bercovici, K. Weissenburger, A. J.
> >     Fuentes, W. C. Clyde, J. W. Hagadorn, M. J. Butrim, K. R. Johnson,
> >     R. F. Fleming, R. S. Barclay, S. A. Maccracken, B. Lloyd, G. P.
> >     Wilson, D. W. Krause & S. G. B. Chester (2019)
> >     Exceptional continental record of biotic recovery after the
> >     Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction.
> >     Science: eaay2268 (advance online publication)
> >     DOI: 10.1126/science.aay2268
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_early_2019_10_23_science.aay2268&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=TmtGASZKloETmJzAvrq7jKpUOl14hsJizASBNV-p4WQ&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_early_2019_10_23_science.aay2268&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=Lc28ZhX7NNX2yW7gGOdWtYvOZGeYFxk5pXV6XR0nXsY&e=
> >
> >
> >     Free pdf:
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_early_2019_10_23_science.aay2268https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_early_2019_10_23_science.aay2268_tab-2Dpdf&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=usMazY70RsIoz6no704YtsJVMyECj-YjOf93UTOjbUw&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_early_2019_10_23_science.aay2268https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_early_2019_10_23_science.aay2268_tab-2Dpdf&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=Pj32gW5rJoVteQJJUlT_Y9BjzoRmW_sWR01Qw4lu4kQ&e=
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >     We report a time-calibrated stratigraphic section in Colorado that
> >     contains unusually complete fossils of mammals, reptiles, and
> >     plants, and elucidates the drivers and tempo of biotic recovery
> >     during the poorly known first million years after the
> >     Cretaceous–Paleogene mass extinction (KPgE). Within ~100 thousand
> >     years (ka) post-KPgE, mammalian taxonomic richness doubled and
> >     maximum mammalian body mass increased to near pre-KPgE levels. A
> >     three-fold increase in maximum mammalian body mass and dietary niche
> >     specialization occurred at ~300 ka post-KPgE, concomitant with
> >     increased megafloral standing species richness. The appearance of
> >     additional large mammals occurred by ~700 ka post-KPgE, coincident
> >     with the first appearance of Leguminosae (bean family). These
> >     concurrent plant and mammal originations and body mass shifts
> >     coincide with warming intervals, suggesting climate influenced
> >     post-KPgE biotic recovery.
> >
> >
> >
> >     =====
> >
> >
> >     Elizabeth Pennisi (2019)
> >     How life blossomed after the dinosaurs died.
> >     Science 366(6464): 409
> >     DOI: 10.1126/science.366.6464.409
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_366_6464_409&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=Ze08j6pJVEySed15fl9V3Bfl6GXPS1HOXPb9v0xuJ6E&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_366_6464_409&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=_LuAe2B9KsGlqWw-VoqYkm9wC1pzlt1lBJs5XyICmgw&e=
> >
> >
> >
> >     Researchers have discovered that Corral Bluffs, 100 kilometers from
> >     Denver, provides a well-dated fossil treasure trove that has
> >     revealed how life recovered from the impact of a giant asteroid 66
> >     million years ago. Unlike many fossil sites from the era just after
> >     the dinosaurs went extinct, Corral Bluffs' marine shale preserves a
> >     complete plant, animal, and environmental record. The team was able
> >     to establish high-resolution dating of the layers there, using
> >     pollen to pinpoint when the asteroid hit and other methods to
> >     establish key timepoints. At first, ferns and animals no bigger than
> >     6 kilograms dominated that landscape, but by 100,000 years later,
> >     palms had taken over and mammals were twice as big and more diverse.
> >     This trend continued, fueled by the rise of new kinds of plants and
> >     particularly by the appearance of protein-rich legumes. The findings
> >     will help researchers understand what may happen with the mass
> >     extinction that may be going on right now.
> >
> >     ====
> >
> >
> >     News:
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.washington.edu_news_2019_10_24_fossil-2Dmammals-2Ddenver-2Dbasin_&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=s3IeKRBI9qOhcYPtIsvq3LD_MhMZkWe_8wl4djwFeDs&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.washington.edu_news_2019_10_24_fossil-2Dmammals-2Ddenver-2Dbasin_&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=ocxvsWazSV5M4204EIhCeEar31TDwfpNOv730n1qqBY&e=
> >
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.coloradocollege.edu_newsevents_newsroom_three-2Dcc-2Dalumni-2Dinvolved-2Din-2Dextraordinary-2Dfossil-2Ddiscovery-23.XbHuEZJKjX4&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=5Sui9vyzHs3puvYmTN4ImwTC09hkYicJPlUN5JM5qxg&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.coloradocollege.edu_newsevents_newsroom_three-2Dcc-2Dalumni-2Dinvolved-2Din-2Dextraordinary-2Dfossil-2Ddiscovery-23.XbHuEZJKjX4&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=9ynMcPnk0WH1pVSZTlGAwX4OXYfOFTSj7NpT_zJ1OQE&e=
> >
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.bkreader.com_2019_10_24_brooklyn-2Dcollege-2Dprofessor-2Dpart-2Dof-2Dgroundbreaking-2Ddiscovery-2Don-2Dhow-2Dearth-2Dgave-2Drise-2Dto-2Dmammals_&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=n2ysT2r_Cx7LlftONpH75bH_QjDMxSfmLTO8AuYxT7Q&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.bkreader.com_2019_10_24_brooklyn-2Dcollege-2Dprofessor-2Dpart-2Dof-2Dgroundbreaking-2Ddiscovery-2Don-2Dhow-2Dearth-2Dgave-2Drise-2Dto-2Dmammals_&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=K9oJd1_DTWXFZZU_ydenBufcsD2pv9WiaV41vSJ2_xU&e=
> >Â Â
> >
> >     ***
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.sciencenews.org_article_fossils-2Dcapture-2Dmammals-2Drecovery-2Dafter-2Ddinosaur-2Dkilling-2Dasteroid&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=dThhNXj6tYqkzbHQJQ26hlXNYTBbSwQQQ0nRpKjTueE&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.sciencenews.org_article_fossils-2Dcapture-2Dmammals-2Drecovery-2Dafter-2Ddinosaur-2Dkilling-2Dasteroid&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=6vEaoF8veb7fn9dcEKu3btZByE339CnXgg2vmU1Lu0g&e=
> >
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nytimes.com_2019_10_24_science_fossils-2Dmammals-2Ddinosaurs-2Dcolorado.html&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=o5zNI9qWlyl1xif6JuUJwwquOiX4gqxVY0B_R-tCx7Q&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nytimes.com_2019_10_24_science_fossils-2Dmammals-2Ddinosaurs-2Dcolorado.html&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=e07sIPo2LlEpW8LTMVwF7oJOC-6BxcE5K1fSJjEy8as&e=
> >
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.smithsonianmag.com_science-2Dnature_fossil-2Dsite-2Dreveals-2Dhow-2Dmammals-2Dthrived-2Dafter-2Ddeath-2Dof-2Ddinosaurs-2D180973404_&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=yf5ZG0W91EDNsQ6GukMzD9yabQ9iMWH10eOSAaBJsok&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.smithsonianmag.com_science-2Dnature_fossil-2Dsite-2Dreveals-2Dhow-2Dmammals-2Dthrived-2Dafter-2Ddeath-2Dof-2Ddinosaurs-2D180973404_&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=0ci79_-r1luUP-47d8QvIuNa1mYTcjn0ovWdGSp_BBk&e=
> >
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__cosmosmagazine.com_palaeontology_how-2Dmammals-2Dinherited-2Dthe-2Dearth&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=9BOt6LnU0xKbP_MsqOKsWOeGJWKA6VACeb_tiEdXKaU&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__cosmosmagazine.com_palaeontology_how-2Dmammals-2Dinherited-2Dthe-2Dearth&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=7_GwykN3LlntjMeJZMxo0mABzSafJ1Fimaf84q7utvg&e=
> >
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__denver.cbslocal.com_2019_10_24_mammals-2Dfossils-2Dcolorado-2Dsprings-2Dexplain-2Dearts-2Dhistory_&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=rW-BwQ-ruJvTpPcVqcc-bIeAlMG6LOi4ZeXJa7tK0Qw&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__denver.cbslocal.com_2019_10_24_mammals-2Dfossils-2Dcolorado-2Dsprings-2Dexplain-2Dearts-2Dhistory_&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=rjZ2KWcjlqlVwRZDWd8BLMwQ-UN_hht9WHXtqzInDt4&e=
> >Â Â
> >
> >     ==========
> >
> >     On a related topic, NOVA on PBS television next week is
> >
> >     The Rise of Mammals
> >     Premiering 30 October 2019 on PBS at 9 pm ETÂ Â
> >
> >     Preview
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.pbs.org_wgbh_nova_video_rise-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dmammals_&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=JX7t1N5E2yQvLnZCZqrKHPEpGm0KynizU-W11sTeWmY&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.pbs.org_wgbh_nova_video_rise-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dmammals_&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=icH1p4mSsfEKRdmaPnL7AzRePiNsGyx_pTNWRcl5koU&e=
> >
> >
> >     ==Â
> >
> >
> >     On YouTube:
> >
> >     Elusive Mammal Fossil Discovery Paints Timeline of Life after
> >     Dinosaurs DiedÂ
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.youtube.com_watch-3Fv-3D4kJf7XnhPT0&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=q_aH4nnE0bdP1wb0IIa6vLZAOCC2l-Zjl7cH8mlrUq4&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.youtube.com_watch-3Fv-3D4kJf7XnhPT0&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=uhV5PlPkZsdqjnMN-S5MpLMyME-r2UapZeSIheiHsW0&e=
> >
> >
> >     Rise of the Mammals I PreviewÂ
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.youtube.com_watch-3Fv-3D6eib9j-2DgV7U&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=fLewk4-A34LpuCPjtX9ux9MWSBszyqvWxPH5G5A1f9E&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.youtube.com_watch-3Fv-3D6eib9j-2DgV7U&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=lK7L2OSW2rMCwKxT5Z0qbS7gp1E0W10zodl_GN3yNEo&e=
> >
> >
> >     Rise of the Mammals I Prologue
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.youtube.com_watch-3Fv-3DVgardHAgLXY&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=ioUNlkbPnJVIQ_K2Z02QI0TGLU8THQwX_-M9qu_Aq-Y&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.youtube.com_watch-3Fv-3DVgardHAgLXY&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=14Sm1TC_-Huc7ifLV1snEsx7pmuwophmL63VXkBvMn8&e=
> >
> >
> >
> >     ====
> >
> >     Review:
> >
> >     Riley Black (2019)
> >     Stepping out of the dinosaurian shadow.
> >     Science 366(6464): 430
> >     DOI: 10.1126/science.aaz6313
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_366_6464_430&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=_4LVImvwxAm4jf35NhIm1ReEshnCfw_K_IJpaxHTp7E&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__science.sciencemag.org_content_366_6464_430&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=7s2SJbnHJuyo-k2RLS0sdATCawJ-ySVH9nRaM4cLJcc&e=
> >
> >
> >     Summary
> >
> >     We live in the Age of Mammals, yet warm-blooded beasts are still
> >     overshadowed by dinosaurs. But a new NOVA documentary—"Rise of the
> >     Mammals"—seeks to change that and, in the process, offers viewers
> >     a window into paleontology beyond bone hunting.
> >
> >     Also:
> >
> >
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__blogs.sciencemag.org_books_2019_10_24_rise-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dmammals_&d=DwIDaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=5U39kJV8_8Hz_32yo8jNYJzpS3iKjsviA59q643dhzY&s=ZJYAa4XPHqS-uADSB1wAzVam3lWzQ0ZlOBF1i3sbkNg&e=
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__blogs.sciencemag.org_books_2019_10_24_rise-2Dof-2Dthe-2Dmammals_&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=UhiLsayxZLrEShjzC0tz6jsxchYOq9ns2WwFqbrXA-0&e=
> >
> >
> >
> >
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.avg.com_email-2Dsignature-3Futm-5Fmedium-3Demail-26utm-5Fsource-3Dlink-26utm-5Fcampaign-3Dsig-2Demail-26utm-5Fcontent-3Dwebmail&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=BwpX-ZORutEnj6qfPdadCaKN9kpQ65qkzb4oQYiU7DM&e=
> >
> >       Virus-free. www.avg.com
> >     <
> https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.avg.com_email-2Dsignature-3Futm-5Fmedium-3Demail-26utm-5Fsource-3Dlink-26utm-5Fcampaign-3Dsig-2Demail-26utm-5Fcontent-3Dwebmail&d=DwMFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=d2gCv_I6dntRoPxB7mkTMH59e1JFn24XkwF4KXIDsuE&s=BwpX-ZORutEnj6qfPdadCaKN9kpQ65qkzb4oQYiU7DM&e=
> >
> >
> >
> >     <#m_1082666079124797096_DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2>
> >
>
> Loxolophus sp. - how do they know that this animal is related to hoofed
> mammals based on just the skull?
>
>

-- 

Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.
Email: [email protected]         Phone: 301-405-4084
Principal Lecturer, Vertebrate Paleontology

Office: Geology 4106, 8000 Regents Dr., College Park MD 20742

Dept. of Geology, University of Maryland
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.geol.umd.edu_-7Etholtz_&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=yKlOIwk5iFLNvAY2yctCv_TeVbBT5f5Ru4IgHXwMx48&s=IlG13XQSUDi2p61BMQMSfuqmkrMUX8OjwKYcDgblc5A&e= 

Phone: 301-405-6965
Fax: 301-314-9661

Faculty Director, Science & Global Change Program, College Park Scholars

Office: Centreville 1216, 4243 Valley Dr., College Park MD 20742
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=http-3A__www.geol.umd.edu_sgc&d=DwIFaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=JMxjjbIZXCWilersPs1bzRx-3mUwTiQUzlyzWk7v7k4&m=yKlOIwk5iFLNvAY2yctCv_TeVbBT5f5Ru4IgHXwMx48&s=Sv-qW8gBVsYbO8ZxmMqt1XgLAUBTrWfWh5_qpyrcq1U&e= 
Fax: 301-314-9843

Mailing Address:        Thomas R. Holtz, Jr.
                        Department of Geology
                        Building 237, Room 1117

                        8000 Regents Drive
                        University of Maryland
                        College Park, MD 20742-4211 USA