[dinosaur] Tyrannosaurus rex soft tissue and protein preservation mechanism (free pdf)n

Ben Creisler
[email protected]

A new paper with free pdf:

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Elizabeth M. Boatman, Mark B. Goodwin, Hoi-Ying N. Holman, Sirine Fakra,
Wenxia Zheng, Ronald Gronsky & Mary H. Schweitzer (2019)
Mechanisms of soft tissue and protein preservation in Tyrannosaurus rex.
Scientific Reports 9, Article number: 15678
doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__doi.org_10.1038_s41598-2D019-2D51680-2D1&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=-93ss5Nns4ZYwepJdfZXJnhYqucpTtlKIWXjJiFQ8lw&s=CoFSyM2e4gQ-5XRgCVaxfSOARNPBKPfFFHBah55DXhQ&e= 
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nature.com_articles_s41598-2D019-2D51680-2D1&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=-93ss5Nns4ZYwepJdfZXJnhYqucpTtlKIWXjJiFQ8lw&s=uay4qvPGQoPCi7BOzN071GKGLfmDsNKLw8YZwvNM0Y8&e= 

Free pdf:
https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__www.nature.com_articles_s41598-2D019-2D51680-2D1.pdf&d=DwIBaQ&c=clK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=Ry_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=-93ss5Nns4ZYwepJdfZXJnhYqucpTtlKIWXjJiFQ8lw&s=X1muhGr5s0OP6Zm7FGVZpzppf4aLsfcAKfIl5iHpRwQ&e= 


The idea that original soft tissue structures and the native structural
proteins comprising them can persist across geological time is
controversial, in part because rigorous and testable mechanisms that can
occur under natural conditions, resulting in such preservation, have not
been well defined. Here, we evaluate two non-enzymatic structural protein
crosslinking mechanisms, Fenton chemistry and glycation, for their possible
contribution to the preservation of blood vessel structures recovered from
the cortical bone of a Tyrannosaurus rex (USNM 555000 [formerly, MOR 555]).
We demonstrate the endogeneity of the fossil vessel tissues, as well as the
presence of type I collagen in the outermost vessel layers, using imaging,
diffraction, spectroscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Then, we use data
derived from synchrotron FTIR studies of the T. rex vessels to analyse
their crosslink character, with comparison against two non-enzymatic Fenton
chemistry- and glycation-treated extant chicken samples. We also provide
supporting X-ray microprobe analyses of the chemical state of these fossil
tissues to support our conclusion that non-enzymatic crosslinking pathways
likely contributed to stabilizing, and thus preserving, these T. rex
vessels. Finally, we propose that these stabilizing crosslinks could play a
crucial role in the preservation of other microvascular tissues in skeletal
elements from the Mesozoic.

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