[dinosaur] Neognath skull otic region + vulture necks + Varanus + lepidosaur bipedality +
Ben Creisler <[email protected]> Sun, 5 Jan 2020 12:27:30 -0800
| Newsgroups | gmane.science.dinosaurs.general |
|---|---|
| Message-ID | <CAMR9O1Jqb6r0j2BXzJnMHKG80KLb=+pA53U5aN99T1QsfVgExw@mail.gmail.com> |
--000000000000f1f09a059b6a5fc6 Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable Ben [email protected]=0A=0ASome recent non-dino papers:=0A=0A= =0AFree pdf:=0A=0AGerald Mayr (2020)=0AThe otic region of the skull of neog= nathous birds: on the homology and=0Acomparative morphology of some neurova= scular and muscular foramina and=0Aother external skeletal structures.=0AVe= rtebrate Zoology 70(1): 69-85=0ADOI: 10.26049/VZ70-1-2020-05=0Ahttps://urld= efense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.senckenberg.de_wp-2Dcontent_= uploads_2019_11_05-5Fvertebrate-5Fzoology-5F70-5F1-5F2020-5FMayr.pdf&d=3DDw= IFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9= MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s= =3DxLXKmV0fjQACEP_O4BxVQIVwbWSSvPMsFWW9ptkTUQc&e=3D=20=0A=0A=0AEven though = detailed anatomical studies of the otic region exist for some=0Aavian speci= es, there are few comparative data for most extant higher-level=0Aclades. I= n the present study, the external osteology of the otic region of=0Abirds i= s studied in a broad taxonomic context and a focus has been put on=0Athe ho= mology of neurovascular and muscular foramina in taxa of the=0ANeognathae. = It is detailed that this part of the skull offers signifcant=0Astructural v= ariation, which is of potential phylogenetic and physiological=0Asignifcanc= e. The otic region of many taxa is for the frst time illustrated=0Aand some= osteological features are highlighted that are not or only rarely=0Acommen= ted on in existing accounts of the otic region. These include the=0Aforamin= a and osseous guiding structures for the occipital ramus of arteria=0Aophth= almica externa, as well as the skeletal correlates of ramus palatinus=0Aand= ramus hyomandibularis of nervus facialis, and the foramen for musculus=0Ac= olumellae. In addition, different conformations of the pila otica are=0Ades= cribed and some structures of unknown signifcance are highlighted, which=0A= require further research.=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=0AChristine B=C3=B6hme= r, Jocerand Prevoteau, Olivier Duriez & Anick Abourachid=0A(2019)=0AGulpe= r, ripper and scrapper: anatomy of the neck in three species of=0Avultures.= =0AJournal of Anatomy (advance online publication)=0Adoi: https://urldefens= e.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1111_joa.13129&d=3DDwIFaQ&= c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZge= cRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DLW= jN2Zclm-pcYVRt8_nVsotXHr6hex7pTVamgP5S9nU&e=3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proo= fpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__onlinelibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1111_joa.131= 29&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFa= UmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp= 8InpToE&s=3DkoVNKlhEVoHQooaB6i34ECfNraAUEFeMJfMFbfGD-Hg&e=3D=20=0A=0AThe he= ad=E2=88=92neck system of birds is a highly complex structure that performs= a=0Avariety of demanding and competing tasks. Morphofunctional adaptations= to=0Afeeding specializations have previously been identified in the head a= nd=0Aneck, but performance is also influenced by other factors such as its= =0Aphylogenetic history. In order to minimize the effects of this factor, w= e=0Ahere analyzed the anatomy of three closely related vultures that distin= ctly=0Adiffer in feeding strategy. Vultures, as obligate scavengers, have o= ccupied=0Aa special ecological niche by exclusively feeding on carrion. How= ever,=0Acompetition among sympatric vultures led to ecological differences = such as=0Apreference of certain types of food from a carcass. Via comparati= ve=0Adissections we systematically described the craniocervical anatomy in = the=0AGriffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), the Cinereous vulture (Aegypius monach= us)=0Aand the Hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) that exploit the same f= ood=0Aresources in different ways. Our results revealed differences in the = number=0Aof cervical vertebrae, in the morphology of the atlas=E2=88=92axis= complex as well=0Aas in the neck musculature despite overall similarities = in the=0Amusculoskeletal system. Gulpers, rippers and scrappers adopt speci= fic=0Apostures while feeding from a carcass, but the cervical vertebral col= umn is=0Aindispensable to position the head during all kinds of behavior. T= he great=0Arange of demands may explain the conservation of the overall mus= cle=0Atopography of the neck across the studied taxa.=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =0A=0AFree pdf:=0A=0ADavit Vasilyan & Maia Bukhsianidze (2020)=0AThe fossil= record of the genus Varanus from the Southern Caucasus=0A(Armenia,Georgia)= .=0APeerJ 8:e8322doi: https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A= __doi.org_10.7717_peerj.8322&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0= H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKw= HKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3D51E_CKpcgv9ysVwra4Kb8WjDVK9RV1l9aWi7L= MBm_GI&e=3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__pee= rj.com_articles_8322_&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSf= nc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9= RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DEcWHuh5vSHedqAkEoumJm-7Xczfjptfm84NNebIgSfA&= e=3D=20=0A=0AFree pdf:=0Ahttps://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps= -3A__peerj.com_articles_8322.pdf&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUH= hpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDE= saKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3D82LTIYOln3OqIuzKJy-4rlOyPb41LHCQn= -8S1CPjuww&e=3D=20=0A=0A=0AThe Southern Caucasus, with its special geograph= ic position and complex=0Atopography, is a well-known biodiversity hotspot.= However, the formation=0Aoft his hotspot remains largely unstudied. To rev= eal this, a thorough study=0Aof the fossil record of the region is necessar= y. In the present paper, we=0Adescribe for the first time fossil monitor li= zards (Varanus sp.) from two=0Alate Miocene localities from the Southern Ca= ucasus (Jradzor, Armenia and=0ATetri Udabno, Georgia). We suggest that both= fossils belong to a=0Asmall-sized monitor lizard,comparable to the present= -day species found in=0AIran and the Middle East (e.g.,Iraq, Saudi Arabian)= --the most western part=0Aof the extant monitor lizards'Eurasian distributi= on range. Our finds show=0Athat the genus had a broad distribution in the E= astern Paratethyan region=0Aduring the late Miocene. In addition, we provid= e the probable temperature=0Aranges for fossil localities.=0A=0A=0A=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A=0ALuke R. Grinham & David B. Norman (2= 019)=0AThe pelvis as an anatomical indicator for facultative bipedality and= =0Asubstrate use in lepidosaurs.=0ABiological Journal of the Linnean Societ= y, blz190 (advance online=0Apublication)=0Adoi: https://urldefense.proofpoi= nt.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1093_biolinnean_blz190&d=3DDwIFaQ&c= =3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgec= RCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DI8s= ubK5I6qPz-gAEQgPsxWoZIjPclIVLuhshxRBRv6M&e=3D=20=0Ahttps://urldefense.proof= point.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__academic.oup.com_biolinnean_advance-2Darticl= e-2Dabstract_doi_10.1093_biolinnean_blz190_5687877&d=3DDwIFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTW= tAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CY= JgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DWDL4fPcm_2aInXB= OzPtubhivo8HNgmvX2lRELaeb6TM&e=3D=20=0A=0A=0A=0AFacultative bipedality is r= egarded as an enigmatic middle ground in the=0Aevolution of obligate bipeda= lity and is associated with high mechanical=0Ademands in extant lepidosaurs= . Traits linked with this phenomenon are=0Alargely associated with the caud= al end of the animal: hindlimbs and tail.=0AThe articulation of the pelvis = with both of these structures suggests a=0Amorphofunctional role in the use= of a facultative locomotor mode. Using a=0Athree-dimensional geometric mor= phometric approach, we examine the pelvic=0Aosteology and associated functi= onal implications for 34 species of extant=0Alepidosaur. Anatomical trends = associated with the use of a bipedal=0Alocomotor mode and substrate prefere= nces are correlated and functionally=0Ainterpreted based on musculoskeletal= descriptions. Changes in pelvic=0Aosteology associated with a facultativel= y bipedal locomotor mode are=0Asimilar to those observed in species preferr= ing arboreal substrates,=0Aindicating shared functionality between these ec= ologies.=0A=0A=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=0A= --000000000000f1f09a059b6a5fc6 Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8" Content-Transfer-Encoding: Quoted-printable <div dir=3D"ltr"><div><br></div><div>Ben Creisler</div><div><a href=3D"mail= to:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></div><div><br></div><div>So= me recent non-dino papers:</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>Free pdf= :</div><div><br></div><div>Gerald Mayr (2020)<br>The otic region of the sku= ll of neognathous birds: on the homology and comparative morphology of some= neurovascular and muscular foramina and other external skeletal structures= .<br>Vertebrate Zoology 70(1): 69-85 <br>DOI: 10.26049/VZ70-1-2020-05<br><a= href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__www.sencken= berg.de_wp-2Dcontent_uploads_2019_11_05-5Fvertebrate-5Fzoology-5F70-5F1-5F2= 020-5FMayr.pdf&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CS= fnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsa= KwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DxLXKmV0fjQACEP_O4BxVQIVwbWSSvPM= sFWW9ptkTUQc&e=3D">https://www.senckenberg.de/wp-content/uploads/2019/1= 1/05_vertebrate_zoology_70_1_2020_Mayr.pdf</a><br><br><br>Even though detai= led anatomical studies of the otic region exist for some avian species, the= re are few comparative data for most extant higher-level clades. In the pre= sent study, the external osteology of the otic region of birds is studied i= n a broad taxonomic context and a focus has been put on the homology of neu= rovascular and muscular foramina in taxa of the Neognathae. It is detailed = that this part of the skull offers signifcant structural variation, which i= s of potential phylogenetic and physiological signifcance. The otic region = of many taxa is for the frst time illustrated and some osteological feature= s are highlighted that are not or only rarely commented on in existing acco= unts of the otic region. These include the foramina and osseous guiding str= uctures for the occipital ramus of arteria ophthalmica externa, as well as = the skeletal correlates of ramus palatinus and ramus hyomandibularis of ner= vus facialis, and the foramen for musculus columellae. In addition, differe= nt conformations of the pila otica are described and some structures of unk= nown signifcance are highlighted, which require further research.=C2=A0<br>= </div><div><br></div><div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><br></div><div>Chris= tine B=C3=B6hmer, =C2=A0Jocerand Prevoteau, =C2=A0Olivier Duriez & Anic= k Abourachid (2019)<br>Gulper, ripper and scrapper: anatomy of the neck in = three species of vultures.<br>Journal of Anatomy (advance online publicatio= n)<br>doi: <a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A= __doi.org_10.1111_joa.13129&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5B= OUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&= ;m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DLWjN2Zclm-pcYVRt8_= nVsotXHr6hex7pTVamgP5S9nU&e=3D">https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.13129</a><b= r><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__onlinel= ibrary.wiley.com_doi_10.1111_joa.13129&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVE= OVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CY= JgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DkoVNKlh= EVoHQooaB6i34ECfNraAUEFeMJfMFbfGD-Hg&e=3D">https://onlinelibrary.wiley.= com/doi/10.1111/joa.13129</a><br><br>The head=E2=88=92neck system of birds = is a highly complex structure that performs a variety of demanding and comp= eting tasks. Morphofunctional adaptations to feeding specializations have p= reviously been identified in the head and neck, but performance is also inf= luenced by other factors such as its phylogenetic history. In order to mini= mize the effects of this factor, we here analyzed the anatomy of three clos= ely related vultures that distinctly differ in feeding strategy. Vultures, = as obligate scavengers, have occupied a special ecological niche by exclusi= vely feeding on carrion. However, competition among sympatric vultures led = to ecological differences such as preference of certain types of food from = a carcass. Via comparative dissections we systematically described the cran= iocervical anatomy in the Griffon vulture (Gyps fulvus), the Cinereous vult= ure (Aegypius monachus) and the Hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) that = exploit the same food resources in different ways. Our results revealed dif= ferences in the number of cervical vertebrae, in the morphology of the atla= s=E2=88=92axis complex as well as in the neck musculature despite overall s= imilarities in the musculoskeletal system. Gulpers, rippers and scrappers a= dopt specific postures while feeding from a carcass, but the cervical verte= bral column is indispensable to position the head during all kinds of behav= ior. The great range of demands may explain the conservation of the overall= muscle topography of the neck across the studied taxa.<br></div><div><br><= /div><div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><br>Free pdf:</div><div><br>Davit Vasil= yan & Maia Bukhsianidze (2020)</div><div>The fossil record of the genus= Varanus from the Southern Caucasus (Armenia,Georgia).</div><div>PeerJ 8:e8= 322doi: <a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__d= oi.org_10.7717_peerj.8322&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOU= HhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m= =3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3D51E_CKpcgv9ysVwra4Kb= 8WjDVK9RV1l9aWi7LMBm_GI&e=3D">https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8322</a>=C2= =A0</div><div><a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps= -3A__peerj.com_articles_8322_&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU= 5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&a= mp;m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DEcWHuh5vSHedqAkE= oumJm-7Xczfjptfm84NNebIgSfA&e=3D">https://peerj.com/articles/8322/</a><= /div><div><br></div><div>Free pdf:</div><div><a href=3D"https://urldefense.= proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__peerj.com_articles_8322.pdf&d=3DDwM= FaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUm= Gof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTND= Lp8InpToE&s=3D82LTIYOln3OqIuzKJy-4rlOyPb41LHCQn-8S1CPjuww&e=3D">htt= ps://peerj.com/articles/8322.pdf</a></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><di= v>The Southern Caucasus, with its special geographic position and complex t= opography, is a well-known biodiversity hotspot. However, the formation oft= his hotspot remains largely unstudied. To reveal this, a thorough study of= the fossil record of the region is necessary. In the present paper, we des= cribe for the first time fossil monitor lizards (Varanus sp.) from two late= Miocene localities from the Southern Caucasus (Jradzor, Armenia and Tetri = Udabno, Georgia). We suggest that both fossils belong to a small-sized moni= tor lizard,comparable to the present-day species found in Iran and the Midd= le East (e.g.,Iraq, Saudi Arabian)--the most western part of the extant mon= itor lizards'Eurasian distribution range. Our finds show that the genus= had a broad distribution in the Eastern Paratethyan region during the late= Miocene. In addition, we provide the probable temperature ranges for fossi= l localities.=C2=A0</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D= =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D<br></div><div><br></div><div>Luke R. Grinham &= David B. Norman (2019)<br>The pelvis as an anatomical indicator for facult= ative bipedality and substrate use in lepidosaurs. <br>Biological Journal o= f the Linnean Society, blz190 (advance online publication)<br>doi: <a href= =3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__doi.org_10.1093_= biolinnean_blz190&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p= 7CSfnc_gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCD= EsaKwHKUerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DI8subK5I6qPz-gAEQgPsxWoZIjPc= lIVLuhshxRBRv6M&e=3D">https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz190</a><br>= <a href=3D"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=3Dhttps-3A__academic.= oup.com_biolinnean_advance-2Darticle-2Dabstract_doi_10.1093_biolinnean_blz1= 90_5687877&d=3DDwMFaQ&c=3DclK7kQUTWtAVEOVIgvi0NU5BOUHhpN0H8p7CSfnc_= gI&r=3DRy_mO4IFaUmGof_Yl9MyZgecRCKHn5g4z1CYJgFW9SI&m=3DscLCDEsaKwHK= Uerp9RJBl1qQtj142EmTNDLp8InpToE&s=3DWDL4fPcm_2aInXBOzPtubhivo8HNgmvX2lR= ELaeb6TM&e=3D">https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/advance-article-abst= ract/doi/10.1093/biolinnean/blz190/5687877</a>=C2=A0</div><div><br><br>Facu= ltative bipedality is regarded as an enigmatic middle ground in the evoluti= on of obligate bipedality and is associated with high mechanical demands in= extant lepidosaurs. Traits linked with this phenomenon are largely associa= ted with the caudal end of the animal: hindlimbs and tail. The articulation= of the pelvis with both of these structures suggests a morphofunctional ro= le in the use of a facultative locomotor mode. Using a three-dimensional ge= ometric morphometric approach, we examine the pelvic osteology and associat= ed functional implications for 34 species of extant lepidosaur. Anatomical = trends associated with the use of a bipedal locomotor mode and substrate pr= eferences are correlated and functionally interpreted based on musculoskele= tal descriptions. Changes in pelvic osteology associated with a facultative= ly bipedal locomotor mode are similar to those observed in species preferri= ng arboreal substrates, indicating shared functionality between these ecolo= gies.</div><div><br>=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D</div><div><br></div><div><b= r><br><br></div></div>=0A= --000000000000f1f09a059b6a5fc6--