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<p><span style="font-size:13px;">On 27 Nov 2014, at 11:15, David Deutsch wrote:</span><div><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div><blockquote type="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;">> On 27 Nov 2014, at 08:42, <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:solngawi@..." class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106">solngawi@...</a> [Fabric-of-Reality] <<a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:[email protected]" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106">[email protected]</a>> wrote:</span></div></blockquote><div><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div><blockquote type="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="margin:0px
;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="word-spacing:normal;font-size:small;">>> In the Time Travel chapter of The Fabric of Reality, a time machine is imagined to be an exotic sort of place. Imagine a room with a large opaque cylinder at its centre. The cylinder encloses an opaque revolving door and the only way in or out is via a single entrance cut in the side of the cylinder. When you enter the cylinder and go around one or more times and then exit you find yourself in the past.</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div></div></blockquote><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;">> More like a cylinder with an entrance
at one end and an exit at another. Unlike familiar cylinders, this one's exit is not only at a different place from the entrance but a different time. Next, forget the cylinder: its not solid. It's made of spacetime.</span><blockquote type="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="word-spacing:normal;font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="word-spacing:normal;font-size:small;">OK.</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="word-spacing:normal;font-size:small;"><br></span></div></div></blockquote></div><div><blockquote type
="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;">>> Once you exit, however, the multiverse differentiates and the past you end up in is the past of a different universe to the one you left.</span></div></div></blockquote></div><div><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div><blockquote type="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;">>> This poses a problem, however. How does one exit the time machine and stay alive? </span></div></div></blockquote></div><div><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></d
iv><div><blockquote type="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;">>> The problem arises because macroscopic objects like people are extended in space and so can't exit the time machine instantaneously. Different planes through your body end up in different past universes.</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:13px;"><span style="word-spacing:normal;">>> What is the solution to this? Is there a clever way to get out of a time machine alive?</span><br></span></div></div></blockquote><blockquote type="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-152382
3106" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;">> <span style="word-spacing:normal;">I don't quite see the problem.</span></span></div></div></blockquote><div style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><span style="font-size:small;"><br class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"></span></div><div style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><span style="font-size:13px;">> Every universe in which you step out contains every atom of your body. So the different parts certainly won't end up in different universes. So are you saying they'd be pulled away from each other in each particular universe by large forces? From where?</span
></div><blockquote type="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;"> </span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="word-spacing:normal;">I'm not saying the different parts would be pulled away from each other in each particular universe.</span><br></span></div></div></blockquote><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;">The problem is that the process of stepping out doesn't happen all at once. A person is a spatially extended being and so different part
s of the person's body will enter and leave the time machine at different times.</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;">Let me try to make the problem clearer.</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;">Suppose Alice and Bob are two time-travellers. Suppose, also, that Alice enters the time machine at time t0 and exits at some past time t0'. Finally, suppose that Alice and Bob have not previously time travelled and that there are no versions of Alice and Bob in
the current universe that have time-travelled from another universe.</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;">The space-time slices at times t0 and t0' are space-time slices in a particular branch of the multiverse. Call that branch B. At the point of exiting the time machine, Alice's history differentiates from B. The time travelling Alice is no longer part of B because, by assumption, B contains no time-travelling versions of Alice.</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font
-size:small;">Now suppose Bob enters the time machine a short while later at time t1 and exits at past time t1' where t1' > t0'. The space-time slices at times t1 and t1' are part of Branch B. So Bob does not see the time travelling Alice when he exits the time machine. His history now takes place in a branch distinct from branch B and from any branch that the time-travelling Alice is in.</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;">Does that make sense so far?</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span
style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;">OK, rather than having two distinct people, let Alice and Bob be different parts of the same person. The Alice part enters and leaves the time machine before the Bob part. But, by the reasoning above, the Alice and Bob parts end up in separate branches of the multiverse.</span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="color:rgb(63, 63, 63);font-size:small;">~Sol</span></div><blockquote type="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div></div></blockquote></div><div><span style="font-size:small;"><br></sp
an></div></div><div><span style="font-size:small;"><br class="yui-cursor"></span><div><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div><div><blockquote type="cite" class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="margin:0px;color:rgb(63, 63, 63);"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106" style="word-spacing:normal;font-size:small;"> </span></div><div class="ygrps-yiv-1523823106"><span style="font-size:small;"><br></span></div></div></blockquote></div><div><br></div></div></p>
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