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<p><div>On 28 Nov 2014, at 08:55, I wrote:</div><div><br></div><div>> On 27 Nov 2014, at 11:15, David Deutsch wrote:</div><div><br></div><div>>> On 27 Nov 2014, at 08:42, solngawi@... [Fabric-of-Reality] <[email protected]> wrote:</div><div><br></div><div>>> In the Time Travel chapter of The Fabric of Reality, a time machine is imagined to be an exotic sort of place. Imagine a room with a large opaque cylinder at its centre. The cylinder encloses an opaque revolving door and the only way in or out is via a single entrance cut in the side of the cylinder. When you enter the cylinder and go around one or more times and then exit you find yourself in the past.</div><div><br></div><div>>> More like a cylinder with an entrance at one end and an e
xit at another. Unlike familiar cylinders, this one's exit is not only at a different place from the entrance but a different time. Next, forget the cylinder: its not solid. It's made of spacetime.</div><div><br></div><div>> OK.</div><div><br></div><div>>>> Once you exit, however, the multiverse differentiates and the past you end up in is the past of a different universe to the one you left.</div><div><br></div><div>>>> This poses a problem, however. How does one exit the time machine and stay alive? </div><div><br></div><div>>>> The problem arises because macroscopic objects like people are extended in space and so can't exit the time machine instantaneously. Different planes through your body end up in different past universes.</div><div>
<br></div><div>>>> What is the solution to this? Is there a clever way to get out of a time machine alive?</div><div><br></div><div>>> I don't quite see the problem.</div><div><br></div><div>>> Every universe in which you step out contains every atom of your body. So the different parts certainly won't end up in different universes. So are you saying they'd be pulled away from each other in each particular universe by large forces? From where?</div><div> </div><div>> I'm not saying the different parts would be pulled away from each other in each particular universe.</div><div><br></div><div>> The problem is that the process of stepping out doesn't happen all at once. A person is a spatially extended being and so different parts of the p
erson's body will enter and leave the time machine at different times.</div><div><br></div><div>> Let me try to make the problem clearer.</div><div><br></div><div>> Suppose Alice and Bob are two time-travellers. Suppose, also, that Alice enters the time machine at time t0 and exits at some past time t0'. Finally, suppose that Alice and Bob have not previously time travelled and that there are no versions of Alice and Bob in the current universe that have time-travelled from another universe.</div><div><br></div><div>> The space-time slices at times t0 and t0' are space-time slices in a particular branch of the multiverse. Call that branch B. At the point of exiting the time machine, Alice's history differentiates from B. The time travelling Alice is no longer par
t of B because, by assumption, B contains no time-travelling versions of Alice.</div><div><br></div><div>This may need a little clarification. The multiverse is constantly branching, so the space-time slices at t0 and t0' are such that the measure of the branch B at t0 is less than the measure of the same branch at t0'. So when Alice goes through the time machine she doesn't occupy all the fungible space-time slices of the branch at time t0'. Her measure is not large enough to do that. So at the moment of exit, the multiverse differentiates in such a way that only some branches contain the time travelling Alice. B is assumed not to be one of these branches.</div><div><br></div><div>> Now suppose Bob enters the time machine a short while later at time t1 and exits at pa
st time t1' where t1' > t0'. The space-time slices at times t1 and t1' are part of Branch B. So Bob does not see the time travelling Alice when he exits the time machine. His history now takes place in a branch distinct from branch B and from any branch that the time-travelling Alice is in.</div><div><br></div><div>> Does that make sense so far?</div><div><br></div><div>> OK, rather than having two distinct people, let Alice and Bob be different parts of the same person. The Alice part enters and leaves the time machine before the Bob part. But, by the reasoning above, the Alice and Bob parts end up in separate branches of the multiverse.</div><div><br></div><div><div>One thing I have assumed is that the time machine sends you back a fixed amount of time. This is
what gives rise to the problem because different parts of you arrive at different past times and each part's arrival gives rise to differentiation of the multiverse.</div><div><br></div><div>The exit of the time machine could, I guess, be anchored at a particular time in the past, so no matter when you entered you would always end up at the same fixed time in the past. Every part of you would arrive at exactly the same moment. I don't know if this is physically possible, however.</div><div><br></div></div><div>~Sol</div></p>
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