Re: Ada Lovelace: others & forerunners

"Bruno Marchal [email protected] [Fabric-of-Reality]" <[email protected]> Sat, 10 Oct 2015 19:25:41 +0200
Newsgroups gmane.science.physics.fabric-of-reality
Message-ID <[email protected]>
--Apple-Mail-21-186790323
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"



On 09 Oct 2015, at 23:55, hibbsa-/[email protected] [Fabric-of-Reality] wrote:


> >=
---In [email protected], <marchal@...> wrote :
>
> >>On 24 =
Sep 2015, at 13:33, hibbsa@...
> >>mailto:hibbsa@... [Fabric-of-Reality] wr=
ote:
>
> >regarding Ada Lovelace contributions to computing,
> >David Deuts=
ch tweets https://twitter.com/
> >DavidDeutschOxf/status/644977353651785730=
:
>
>
> >"ProfBrianCox @FryRsquared Fascinating. It convinced
> >me that I =
was wrong: Babbage never really got universality.
> >Lovelace totally did."=


>
>
> >Hmm... I have a little french book from 1911 by
> >Jacques Lafitte =
which gave me indirect evidence
> > that Babbage did got the "universality"=
 insight
> > (for >computations). he got it not from his machine(s),
> > bu=
t from the language he invented to describe the
> > machine, and he realize=
d that such a language is
> >as powerfull than his machine.
> > I have evid=
ence that Ada invented programming
> >and subroutine, but I am not sure she=
 get the
> > universality I will take a look (when I have more time).
>
> Y=
es well....having seen the documentary I spent a little time  
> digging ou=
t some details (actually all I did was visit (the site/ 
> blog of) some tr=
usted historians of science).
> Apparently all Ada Lovelace did was publish=
 a single paper, in which  
> she performed a translation to English of a l=
ecture given by or for  
> Babbage. She added 'poetic annotations' on what =
one might do with  
> the analytical engine. Which was entirely Babbage's' =
work. Another  
> point was that not only was it absolute bullshit that Lov=
elace  
> inspired or influenced at all the first computer, but that it's n=
ot  
> straight forwarder that the analytical machine did.
>


Hi Hibbsa. Wh=
at you describe is the usual opinion. But the book by  
Laffite expalins th=
at when creating a lnague to describe the plan of  
he machine, Babbage eve=
ntually realized that the language for the plan  
was as much a discovery t=
han its machine, and that he felt frustrated  
not being able to communicat=
e that discovery. It means that he  
undertood that his language was a univ=
ersal machine too, in (a  
posteriroi) the mathematical sense which he did =
not intent to make  
precise.  Now, I have not seen that language, but I am=
 open to the  
idea that Babbage got the "tilt" of the "Turing universality=
". About  
ADA, my reading is that she invented the notion of subroutine, a=
nd the  
practice of programming, which demands also some intuiotion of tha=
t  
universality. With Babbage feeling about its language, the discovery  
=
is made more explicit.
Today we know that some diophantine polynomial relat=
ion are Turing  
universal. Universality grows up at the very elementary pa=
rt of the  
arithmetical reality.


Bruno
















>
>
> my comment:
>
>
> Hi=
 DD, I watched it after seeing your tweet, and found it  
> fascinating als=
o. I thought you might be interested in the following  
> documentary, whic=
h sheds light on a forerunner to Ada Lovelace. In  
> terms of universality=
, that the possibility was being glimpsed (but  
> not realized) is evident=
.
>
>
> https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DbLb54FCMt9o https://www.youtube.c=
om/watch?v=3DbLb54FCMt9o
>
>
> Another recent documentary about Turing's Bl=
etchley peer "Gordon  
> Welchman" whose contribution to the Collossus and =
code breaking is  
> regarded as at least equal to Turing himself. Possibly=
 greater.
>
>
> Bletchley Park: Code-breaking's Forgotten Genius http://www=
.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-codebreakings-forgotten-=
genius
>
>
> http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-c=
odebreakings-forgotten-genius
>
> Bletchley Park: Code-breaking's Forgotten=
 Genius http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-codebr=
eakings-forgotten-genius 
>  A look at Gordon Welchman, a codebreaker cruci=
al to the defeat of  
> the Nazis.
>
> View on www.bbc.co.uk http://www.bbc=
.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-codebreakings-forgotten-geni=
us
> Preview by Yahoo
>
>
> Of course, Leibniz was conceptually close to. M=
y candidate for the  
> first real understanding of universality might be E=
mil Post, the  
> founders, with Kleene of "recursion theory".
>
>
> Only o=
ne certainty: G=C3=B6del did not got it, and neither Church.  
> "Church's =
thesis" is a label created by Kleene when he understood  
> that the class =
of partial recursive function is closed for the  
> diagonalization procedu=
re, what G=C3=B6del called a "miracle". G=C3=B6del  
> accepted Church's th=
esis only after his reading of Turing, who got  
> it too of course.
>
>
> =
Bruno
>
>
> http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/ http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marc=
hal/
>
> 


http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/







--Apple-Mail-21-186790323
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable




<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/htm=
l4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
</head>






=20
<body style=3D"background-color: #fff;">
<span style=3D"display:none">&nbsp;</span>

<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStartT|**|-~-->
<div id=3D"ygrp-mlmsg" style=3D"position:relative;">
  <div id=3D"ygrp-msg" style=3D"z-index: 1;">
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEndT|**|-~-->

    <div id=3D"ygrp-text" >
=20=20=20=20=20=20
=20=20=20=20=20=20
      <p><br><div><div>On 09 Oct 2015, at 23:55, <a href=3D"mailto:hibbsa@y=
ahoo.com">hibbsa-/[email protected]</a> [Fabric-of-Reality] wrote:</div><br class=3D=
"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type=3D"cite">     <div style=3D"ba=
ckground-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> <span>&nbsp;</span>      <div id=3D"y=
grp-text"><p>&gt;---In <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]"=
>[email protected]</a>, &lt;marchal@...&gt; wrote :<br> <br=
> &gt;&gt;On 24 Sep 2015, at 13:33, hibbsa@... <br> &gt;&gt;<a href=3D"mail=
to:hibbsa@">mailto:hibbsa@</a>... [Fabric-of-Reality] wrote:<br> <br> &gt;r=
egarding Ada Lovelace contributions to computing, <br> &gt;David Deutsch tw=
eets <a href=3D"https://twitter.com/">https://twitter.com/</a><br> &gt;Davi=
dDeutschOxf/status/644977353651785730:<br> <br> <br> &gt;"ProfBrianCox @Fry=
Rsquared Fascinating. It convinced <br> &gt;me that I was wrong: Babbage ne=
ver really got universality. <br> &gt;Lovelace totally did."<br> <br> <br> =
&gt;Hmm... I have a little french book from 1911 by <br> &gt;Jacques Lafitt=
e which gave me indirect evidence<br> &gt; that Babbage did got the "univer=
sality" insight<br> &gt; (for &gt;computations). he got it not from his mac=
hine(s),<br> &gt; but from the language he invented to describe the<br> &gt=
; machine, and he realized that such a language is <br> &gt;as powerfull th=
an his machine.<br> &gt; I have evidence that Ada invented programming <br>=
 &gt;and subroutine, but I am not sure she get the<br> &gt; universality I =
will take a look (when I have more time).<br> <br> Yes well....having seen =
the documentary I spent a little time digging out some details (actually al=
l I did was visit (the site/blog of) some trusted historians of science). <=
br> Apparently all Ada Lovelace did was publish a single paper, in which sh=
e performed a translation to English of a lecture given by or for Babbage. =
She added 'poetic annotations' on what one might do with the analytical eng=
ine. Which was entirely Babbage's' work. Another point was that not only wa=
s it absolute bullshit that Lovelace inspired or influenced at all the firs=
t computer, but that it's not straight forwarder that the analytical machin=
e did.  <br></p></div></div></blockquote></div><div><br></div><div>Hi Hibbs=
a. What you describe is the usual opinion. But the book by Laffite expalins=
 that when creating a lnague to describe the plan of he machine, Babbage ev=
entually realized that the language for the plan was as much a discovery th=
an its machine, and that he felt frustrated not being able to communicate t=
hat discovery. It means that he undertood that his language was a universal=
 machine too, in (a posteriroi) the mathematical sense which he did not int=
ent to make precise. &nbsp;Now, I have not seen that language, but I am ope=
n to the idea that Babbage got the "tilt" of the "Turing universality". Abo=
ut ADA, my reading is that she invented the notion of subroutine, and the p=
ractice of programming, which demands also some intuiotion of that universa=
lity. With Babbage feeling about its language, the discovery is made more e=
xplicit.&nbsp;</div><div>Today we know that some diophantine polynomial rel=
ation are Turing universal. Universality grows up at the very elementary pa=
rt of the arithmetical reality.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Bruno</div><=
div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><=
div><br></div><div><br></div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div style=3D"ba=
ckground-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><div id=3D"ygrp-mlmsg"><div id=3D"ygrp=
-msg"><div id=3D"ygrp-text"><p> <br> <br> my comment:<br> <br> <br> Hi DD, =
I watched it after seeing your tweet, and found it fascinating also. I thou=
ght you might be interested in the following documentary, which sheds light=
 on a forerunner to Ada Lovelace. In terms of universality, that the possib=
ility was being glimpsed (but not realized) is evident.<br> <br> <br> <a hr=
ef=3D"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DbLb54FCMt9o">https://www.youtube.co=
m/watch?v=3DbLb54FCMt9o</a> <a href=3D"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DbL=
b54FCMt9o">https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DbLb54FCMt9o</a><br> <br> <br> =
Another recent documentary about Turing's Bletchley peer "Gordon Welchman" =
whose contribution to the Collossus and code breaking is regarded as at lea=
st equal to Turing himself. Possibly greater.<br> <br> <br> Bletchley Park:=
 Code-breaking's Forgotten Genius <a href=3D"http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/e=
pisode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-codebreakings-forgotten-genius">http://www.b=
bc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-codebreakings-forgotten-ge=
nius</a><br> <br> <br> <a href=3D"http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069=
gxz7/bletchley-park-codebreakings-forgotten-genius">http://www.bbc.co.uk/ip=
layer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-codebreakings-forgotten-genius</a><br=
> <br> Bletchley Park: Code-breaking's Forgotten Genius <a href=3D"http://w=
ww.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-codebreakings-forgotte=
n-genius">http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-code=
breakings-forgotten-genius</a> A look at Gordon Welchman, a codebreaker cru=
cial to the defeat of the Nazis.<br> <br> View on www.bbc.co.uk <a href=3D"=
http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-park-codebreakings-=
forgotten-genius">http://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/b069gxz7/bletchley-p=
ark-codebreakings-forgotten-genius</a><br> Preview by Yahoo <br> <br> <br> =
Of course, Leibniz was conceptually close to. My candidate for the first re=
al understanding of universality might be Emil Post, the founders, with Kle=
ene of "recursion theory".<br> <br> <br> Only one certainty: G=C3=B6del did=
 not got it, and neither Church. "Church's thesis" is a label created by Kl=
eene when he understood that the class of partial recursive function is clo=
sed for the diagonalization procedure, what G=C3=B6del called a "miracle". =
G=C3=B6del accepted Church's thesis only after his reading of Turing, who g=
ot it too of course.<br> <br> <br> Bruno<br> <br> <br> <a href=3D"http://ir=
idia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/">http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/</a> <a href=3D"=
http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/">http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/</a></p=
>     </div>          </div>   <!-- end group email --> </div></div></block=
quote><br><div apple=3D"true"> <span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"bo=
rder-collapse: separate;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: Helvetica;font-siz=
e: 12px;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;letter-=
spacing: normal;text-align: auto;text-indent: 0px;"><div><div><a href=3D"ht=
tp://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/">http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~marchal/</a></div=
><div><br class=3D"webkit-block-placeholder"></div></div></span><br class=
=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"> </div><br></p>

    </div>
=20=20=20=20=20

    <!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~-->
    <div style=3D"color: #fff; height: 0;">__._,_.___</div>

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20
=20=20
=20

=20=20=20=20
    <div style=3D"clear:both"> </div>

    <div id=3D"fromDMARC" style=3D"margin-top: 10px;">
        <hr style=3D"height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background=
-color:#E3E3E3;">
        Posted by: Bruno Marchal &lt;[email protected]&gt;        <hr style=
=3D"height:2px ; border-width:0; color:#E3E3E3; background-color:#E3E3E3;">
     </div>
    <div style=3D"clear:both"> </div>

    <table cellspacing=3D4px style=3D"margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px=
; color: #2D50FD;">
      <tbody>
        <tr>
          <td style=3D"font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; font-weight: bo=
ld; padding: 7px 5px 5px;"  >
                          <a style=3D"text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD=
" href=3D"https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Fabric-of-Reality/conversatio=
ns/messages/25704;_ylc=3DX3oDMTJxYXQwMTM5BF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE4ODg2MD=
AEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1MDIwNTg1BG1zZ0lkAzI1NzA0BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA3JwbHkEc3RpbWUDM=
TQ0NDUwMTA0MA--?act=3Dreply&messageNum=3D25704">Reply via web post</a>
                      </td>
          <td>&bull;</td>
          <td style=3D"font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5p=
x 5px;" >
            <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]?subject=3DRe%3A%20Ada%20Lov=
elace%3A%20others%20%26%20forerunners" style=3D"text-decoration: none; colo=
r: #2D50FD;">
               Reply to sender            </a>
          </td>
          <td>&bull;</td>
          <td style=3D"font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5p=
x 5px;">
            <a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]?subject=3DR=
e%3A%20Ada%20Lovelace%3A%20others%20%26%20forerunners" style=3D"text-decora=
tion: none; color: #2D50FD">
              Reply to group            </a>
          </td>
          <td>&bull;</td>
          <td style=3D"font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5p=
x 5px;" >
            <a href=3D"https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Fabric-of-Realit=
y/conversations/newtopic;_ylc=3DX3oDMTJlN3N0ZzVwBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE=
4ODg2MDAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1MDIwNTg1BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA250cGMEc3RpbWUDMTQ0NDUwMT=
A0MA--" style=3D"text-decoration: none; color: #2D50FD">Start a New Topic</=
a>
          </td>
          <td>&bull;</td>
          <td style=3D"font-size: 12px; font-family: arial; padding: 7px 5p=
x 5px;color: #2D50FD;" >
                            <a href=3D"https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/=
Fabric-of-Reality/conversations/topics/25699;_ylc=3DX3oDMTM2ZDk4ZDk5BF9TAzk=
3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE4ODg2MDAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1MDIwNTg1BG1zZ0lkAzI1NzA0BHNlYw=
NmdHIEc2xrA3Z0cGMEc3RpbWUDMTQ0NDUwMTA0MAR0cGNJZAMyNTY5OQ--" style=3D"text-d=
ecoration: none; color: #2D50FD;">Messages in this topic</a>
                (6)
                      </td>
        </tr>
      </tbody>
    </table>

=20=20=20=20=20=20=20=20

<!------- Start Nav Bar ------>




=20

<!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
<div id=3D"ygrp-vital" style=3D"background-color: #f2f2f2; font-family: Ver=
dana; font-size: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px;">

    <span id=3D"vithd" style=3D"font-weight: bold; color: #333; text-transf=
orm: uppercase; "><a href=3D"https://groups.yahoo.com/neo/groups/Fabric-of-=
Reality/info;_ylc=3DX3oDMTJlZThwZjJtBF9TAzk3MzU5NzE0BGdycElkAzE4ODg2MDAEZ3J=
wc3BJZAMxNzA1MDIwNTg1BHNlYwN2dGwEc2xrA3ZnaHAEc3RpbWUDMTQ0NDUwMTA0MA--" styl=
e=3D"text-decoration: none;">Visit Your Group</a></span>

     <ul style=3D"list-style-type: none; margin: 0; padding: 0; display: in=
line;">
                                                    </ul>
  </div>


<div id=3D"ft" style=3D"font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px; margin-top: 5p=
x; padding: 0 2px 0 0; clear: both;">
  <a href=3D"https://groups.yahoo.com/neo;_ylc=3DX3oDMTJkdDhnaXJxBF9TAzk3ND=
c2NTkwBGdycElkAzE4ODg2MDAEZ3Jwc3BJZAMxNzA1MDIwNTg1BHNlYwNmdHIEc2xrA2dmcARzd=
GltZQMxNDQ0NTAxMDQw" style=3D"float: left;"><img src=3D"http://l.yimg.com/r=
u/static/images/yg/img/email/new_logo/logo-groups-137x15.png" height=3D"15"=
 width=3D"137" alt=3D"Yahoo! Groups" style=3D"border: 0;"/></a>
  <div style=3D"color: #747575; float: right;"> &bull; <a href=3D"https://i=
nfo.yahoo.com/privacy/us/yahoo/groups/details.html" style=3D"text-decoratio=
n: none;">Privacy</a> &bull; <a href=3D"mailto:Fabric-of-Reality-unsubscrib=
[email protected]?subject=3DUnsubscribe" style=3D"text-decoration: none;">U=
nsubscribe</a> &bull; <a href=3D"https://info.yahoo.com/legal/us/yahoo/utos=
/terms/" style=3D"text-decoration: none;">Terms of Use</a> </div>
</div>
<br>

<!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->

  </div> <!-- ygrp-msg -->

=20
  <!-- Sponsor -->
  <!-- |**|begin egp html banner|**| -->
  <div id=3D"ygrp-sponsor" style=3D"width:160px; float:right; clear:none; m=
argin:0 0 25px 0; background: #fff;">

<!-- Start Recommendations -->
<div id=3D"ygrp-reco">
     </div>
<!-- End Recommendations -->



  </div>   <!-- |**|end egp html banner|**| -->

  <div style=3D"clear:both; color: #FFF; font-size:1px;">.</div>
</div>

  <img src=3D"http://geo.yahoo.com/serv?s=3D97359714/grpId=3D1888600/grpspI=
d=3D1705020585/msgId=3D25704/stime=3D1444501040" width=3D"1" height=3D"1"> =
<br>

<img src=3D"http://y.analytics.yahoo.com/fpc.pl?ywarid=3D515FB27823A7407E&a=
=3D10001310322279&js=3Dno&resp=3Dimg" width=3D"1" height=3D"1">=20

<div style=3D"color: #fff; height: 0;">__,_._,___</div>
<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~-->

</body>

<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlStart|**|-~-->
<head>
  <style type=3D"text/css">
  <!--
  #ygrp-mkp {
  border: 1px solid #d8d8d8;
  font-family: Arial;
  margin: 10px 0;
  padding: 0 10px;
}

#ygrp-mkp hr {
  border: 1px solid #d8d8d8;
}

#ygrp-mkp #hd {
  color: #628c2a;
  font-size: 85%;
  font-weight: 700;
  line-height: 122%;
  margin: 10px 0;
}

#ygrp-mkp #ads {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
}

#ygrp-mkp .ad {
  padding: 0 0;
}

#ygrp-mkp .ad p {
  margin: 0;
}

#ygrp-mkp .ad a {
  color: #0000ff;
  text-decoration: none;
}
  #ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc {
  font-family: Arial;
}

#ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc #hd {
  margin: 10px 0px;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 78%;
  line-height: 122%;
}

#ygrp-sponsor #ygrp-lc .ad {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  padding: 0 0;
}

  #actions {
    font-family: Verdana;
    font-size: 11px;
    padding: 10px 0;
  }

  #activity {
    background-color: #e0ecee;
    float: left;
    font-family: Verdana;
    font-size: 10px;
    padding: 10px;
  }

  #activity span {
    font-weight: 700;
  }

  #activity span:first-child {
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }

  #activity span a {
    color: #5085b6;
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  #activity span span {
    color: #ff7900;
  }

  #activity span .underline {
    text-decoration: underline;
  }

  .attach {
    clear: both;
    display: table;
    font-family: Arial;
    font-size: 12px;
    padding: 10px 0;
    width: 400px;
  }

  .attach div a {
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  .attach img {
    border: none;
    padding-right: 5px;
  }

  .attach label {
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
  }

  .attach label a {
    text-decoration: none;
  }
=20=20
  blockquote {
    margin: 0 0 0 4px;
  }

  .bold {
    font-family: Arial;
    font-size: 13px;
    font-weight: 700;
  }

  .bold a {
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  dd.last p a {
    font-family: Verdana;
    font-weight: 700;
  }

  dd.last p span {
    margin-right: 10px;
    font-family: Verdana;
    font-weight: 700;
  }

  dd.last p span.yshortcuts {
    margin-right: 0;
  }

  div.attach-table div div a {
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  div.attach-table {
    width: 400px;
  }

  div.file-title a, div.file-title a:active, div.file-title a:hover, div.fi=
le-title a:visited {
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  div.photo-title a, div.photo-title a:active, div.photo-title a:hover, div=
.photo-title a:visited {
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  div#ygrp-mlmsg #ygrp-msg p a span.yshortcuts {
    font-family: Verdana;
    font-size: 10px;
    font-weight: normal;
  }

  .green {
    color: #628c2a;
  }

  .MsoNormal {
    margin: 0 0 0 0;
  }

  o {
    font-size: 0;
  }

  #photos div {
    float: left;
    width: 72px;
  }

  #photos div div {
    border: 1px solid #666666;
    height: 62px;
    overflow: hidden;
    width: 62px;
  }

  #photos div label {
    color: #666666;
    font-size: 10px;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-align: center;
    white-space: nowrap;
    width: 64px;
  }

  #reco-category {
    font-size: 77%;
  }

  #reco-desc {
    font-size: 77%;
  }

  .replbq {
    margin: 4px;
  }

  #ygrp-actbar div a:first-child {
   /* border-right: 0px solid #000;*/
    margin-right: 2px;
    padding-right: 5px;
  }

  #ygrp-mlmsg {
    font-size: 13px;
    font-family: Arial, helvetica,clean, sans-serif;
    *font-size: small;
    *font: x-small;
  }

  #ygrp-mlmsg table {
    font-size: inherit;
    font: 100%;
  }

  #ygrp-mlmsg select, input, textarea {
    font: 99% Arial, Helvetica, clean, sans-serif;
  }

  #ygrp-mlmsg pre, code {
    font:115% monospace;
    *font-size:100%;
  }

  #ygrp-mlmsg * {
    line-height: 1.22em;
  }

  #ygrp-mlmsg #logo {
    padding-bottom: 10px;
  }


  #ygrp-msg p a {
    font-family: Verdana;
  }

  #ygrp-msg p#attach-count span {
    color: #1E66AE;
    font-weight: 700;
  }

  #ygrp-reco #reco-head {
    color: #ff7900;
    font-weight: 700;
  }

  #ygrp-reco {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    padding: 0px;
  }

  #ygrp-sponsor #ov li a {
    font-size: 130%;
    text-decoration: none;
  }

  #ygrp-sponsor #ov li {
    font-size: 77%;
    list-style-type: square;
    padding: 6px 0;
  }=20

  #ygrp-sponsor #ov ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0 0 0 8px;
  }

  #ygrp-text {
    font-family: Georgia;
  }

  #ygrp-text p {
    margin: 0 0 1em 0;
  }

  #ygrp-text tt {
    font-size: 120%;
  }

  #ygrp-vital ul li:last-child {
    border-right: none !important;=20
  }=20
  -->
  </style>
</head>

<!--~-|**|PrettyHtmlEnd|**|-~-->
</html>
<!-- end group email -->


--Apple-Mail-21-186790323--