Fwd: COMMENT FROM MARY ANN HALL WILLIAMS "HHalf-breed Drive" / Controversy / Background and use of the term, half breed
"'Hunter Gray'
[email protected] [marxist]" <
[email protected]>
Sun, 15 Feb 2015 23:14:19 +0000
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-----Original Message-----
From: Mary Ann Winters
Sent: Sunday, February 15, 2015 03:23 PM
To: [email protected]
Subject: Re: "Half-breed Drive" / Controversy / Background and use of the t=
erm, half breed
Mr. Salter, Your son , Peter , wrote an interesting commentary .
I can understand where that lady is coming from having been called=20
nigga, colored, Black and African-American during my lifetime.=20
WWW,
Mary Ann
On Feb 15, 2015, at 2:54 PM, Hunter Gray <[email protected]> wro=
te:
This is an interesting article doneby my youngest son, Peter Gray Salter, a=
key reporter for the Lincoln JournalStar.It concerns the use of the term =
=93half-breed=94with respect to Natives and a current controversy in Nebras=
ka involving thenature and history of a short stretch of road called =93Hal=
f Breed Drive.=94It=92s a very interesting situation and, toread it, all yo=
u have to do is spend one-half ofa second answeringa preceding, minute ques=
tionnaire.
The historically quite old term, =93halfbreed=94, is controversial.It can b=
e usedin a non-pejorative sense -- simply as relating to significant mixed =
blood inNative instances especially.Or it canbe used in a denigrating fashi=
on.
I don=92t like the term, rarely use it =96and then only in a jocular way in=
volving myself.Some Natives use the term, in non-pejorativefashion =96 but =
fewer and fewer do.When Anglos use the term, it=92s usually in anegative, o=
ften explicitly hostile fashion.
I use terms like =93half-blood=94 or =93quarterblood=94 or simply =93mixed =
blood.=94Thisrespectable usage =96 and, where applicable in Canada, Metis =
=96 is now becomingquite frequent in Native and other socially sensitive ci=
rcles
It=92s safe to say that, by far, thegreatest majority of Native people in t=
he entire Hemisphere have, by now, somenon-Native ancestry.This doesn=92t d=
ilutetheir commitment to tribal nation and tribal culture and basic Native =
identity.
I have a lifetime of experienceinvolving Native issues. In Federal Indian L=
aw, which I taught for 13 years atthe University of North Dakota, we used t=
o spend at least a couple of classsessions on the always thorny question of=
how to define =93Indian=94 or =93NativeAmerican=94 =96 with a primary focu=
s on the United States with some time on Canada.
Some of the measures involve =93bloodquanta=94 =96 (relatively) -- full; ha=
lf; quarter; in some tribal instances, eighth;or other fractions in that ge=
neral context =96 or, less frequently, simply linealdescent from certain es=
tablished, historical =93rolls.=94In Canada, there is a very large number o=
fNative people of distinctive and historically mixed ancestry and identity =
whoare known as Metis and who now are finally securing some positive =93leg=
alidentity=94 vis-=E0-vis the Canadian government.
And there are also and always some authentic Native people, with bona fide =
Native=93blood=94 and identity, who =93fall through the measurement cracks=
=94.They are no less Native.
In the U.S., tribes and other definedNative communities, nowadays, can almo=
st always set their own membershipcriteria. (The Canadian situation is stil=
l somewhat more complex.)
All of this involves eligibility (orlack of such) for governmental services=
=96 Federal, sometimes state, tribal -- treaty-wiseor administratively.
Here is Peter=92s Lincoln Journal Starstory:
http://journalstar.com/news/state-and-regional/history-and-hurt-on-half-bre=
ed-drive/article_d629f511-3107-5121-b676-aa1122eb5b72.html
Hunter Bear
HUNTER GRAY [HUNTER BEAR/JOHN R SALTER JR] Mi'kmaq / St. Francis Abenaki / =
St. Regis Mohawk
Protected by Na=B4shdo=B4i=B4ba=B4i=B4
and Ohkwari' . Check out our massive social justice website:
http://www.hunterbear.org/
Member, National Writers Union AFL-CIO
Core dimensions of my Community Organizing course:
http://www.labornet.org/news/0000/hbear.htm
Some early personal activist history / good people and issues:
http://civilrightsnewsreleases.blogspot.com/2015/01/hinter-bear-maintaining=
-normally-high.html
My expanded/updated "Organizer's Book,"
JACKSON MISSISSIPPI -- with a new 10,000
word introduction by me. Covers much of my
confrontational social justice organizing life to
date. Contains much how-to grassroots organizing
methodology: http://hunterbear.org/jackson.htm
See this for mini-bio, efforts to prevent JM=92s appearance in
Mississippi, a wide range of its many reviews, and some
photos: http://www.amazon.com/John-R.-Salter/e/B001KMEHWY/ref=3Dntt_dp_epwb=
k_0
The Stormy Adoption of an Indian Child [My Father]:
http://hunterbear.org/James%20and%20Salter%20and%20Dad.htm
(Photos)
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2"><br></font></div><font size=3D"3"><b>
-----Original Message-----<br>From: Mary Ann Winters<br>Sent: Sunday, Febru=
ary 15, 2015 03:23 PM<br>To: [email protected]<br>Subject: Re: "=
Half-breed Drive" / Controversy / Background and use of the term, half bre=
ed<br><br></b></font><table width=3D"100%" height=3D"400" id=3D"201179" bor=
der=3D"0"><tbody><tr><td width=3D"100%" valign=3D"top"><font size=3D"3"><b>=
Mr. Salter, </b></font><div><font size=3D"3"><b>Your son , Peter , wro=
te an interesting commentary .</b></font></div><div><font size=3D"3"><b>I c=
an understand where that lady is coming from having been called </b></=
font></div><div><font size=3D"3"><b>nigga, colored, Black and African-Ameri=
can during my lifetime. </b></font></div><div><font size=3D"3"><b>WWW,=
</b></font></div><div><font size=3D"3"><b>Mary Ann<br></b></font><div><div>=
<font size=3D"3"><b>On Feb 15, 2015, at 2:54 PM, Hunter Gray <</b></font=
><a href=3D"mailto:[email protected]" target=3D"_blank"><font si=
ze=3D"3"><b>[email protected]</b></font></a><font size=3D"3"><b>=
> wrote:</b></font></div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockq=
uote type=3D"cite"><div bgcolor=3D"#ffffff"><p><br></p><p><font face=3D"Tim=
es New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">This is an interesting article done
by my youngest son, Peter Gray Salter, a key reporter for the Lincoln Journ=
al
Star.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It concerns the use o=
f the term =93half-breed=94
with respect to Natives and a current controversy in Nebraska involving the
nature and history of a short stretch of road called =93Half Breed Drive.=
=94<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It=92s a very interesti=
ng situation and, to
read it, all you have to do is spend one-half of<span style=3D"mso-spacerun=
: yes;"> </span>a second answering<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;">=
</span>a preceding, minute questionnaire.</font></span></b></p><p><f=
ont face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">The historically quite old term, =93half
breed=94, is controversial.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span=
>It can be used
in a non-pejorative sense -- simply as relating to significant mixed blood =
in
Native instances especially.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </spa=
n>Or it can
be used in a denigrating fashion.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Tim=
es New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">I don=92t like the term, rarely use it =96
and then only in a jocular way involving myself.<span style=3D"ms=
o-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Some Natives use the term, in non-pejorativ=
e
fashion =96 but fewer <span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>and f=
ewer do.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When Anglos use th=
e term, it=92s usually in a
negative, often explicitly hostile fashion.</font></span></b></p><p><font f=
ace=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">I use terms like =93half-blood=94 or =93quarter
blood=94 or simply =93mixed blood.=94<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;">&nb=
sp; </span>This
respectable usage =96 and, where applicable in Canada, Metis =96 is now bec=
oming
quite frequent in Native and other socially sensitive circles</font></span>=
</b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">It=92s safe to say that, by far, the
greatest majority of Native people in the entire Hemisphere have, by now, s=
ome
non-Native ancestry.<span style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This d=
oesn=92t dilute
their commitment to tribal nation and tribal culture and basic Native ident=
ity.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">I have a lifetime of experience
involving Native issues. In Federal Indian Law, which I taught for 13 years=
at
the University of North Dakota, we used to spend at least a couple of class
sessions on the always thorny question of how to define =93Indian=94 or =93=
Native
American=94 =96 with a primary focus on the United States with some time on=
Canada.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">Some of the measures involve =93blood
quanta=94 =96 (relatively) -- full; half; quarter; in some tribal inst=
ances, eighth;
or other fractions in that general context =96 or, less frequently, simply =
lineal
descent from certain established, historical =93rolls.=94<span style=3D"mso=
-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In Canada, there is a very large number of
Native people of distinctive and historically mixed ancestry and identity w=
ho
are known as Metis and who now are finally securing some positive =93legal
identity=94 vis-=E0-vis the Canadian government.</font></span></b></p><p><f=
ont face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">And there are also and always some <span style=3D"mso-spac=
erun: yes;"> </span>authentic Native people, with bona fide Native
=93blood=94 and identity, who =93fall through the measurement cracks=94.<sp=
an style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They are no less Native.</fon=
t></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">In the U.S., tribes and other defined
Native communities, nowadays, can almost always set their own membership
criteria. (The Canadian situation is still somewhat more complex.)</font></=
span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">All of this involves eligibility (or
lack of such) for governmental services =96 Federal, sometimes state, triba=
l -- treaty-wise
or administratively.</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman"=
size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">Here is Peter=92s Lincoln Journal Star
story:</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><a hre=
f=3D"http://journalstar.com/news/state-and-regional/history-and-hurt-on-hal=
f-breed-drive/article_d629f511-3107-5121-b676-aa1122eb5b72.html" target=3D"=
_blank" mce_href=3D"http://journalstar.com/news/state-and-regional/history-=
and-hurt-on-half-breed-drive/article_d629f511-3107-5121-b676-aa1122eb5b72.h=
tml"><font color=3D"#0563c1" face=3D"Calibri">http://journalstar.com/news/s=
tate-and-regional/history-and-hurt-on-half-breed-drive/article_d629f511-310=
7-5121-b676-aa1122eb5b72.html</font></a></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Tim=
es New Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri">Hunter Bear</font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times Ne=
w Roman" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Rom=
an" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Rom=
an" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><p style=3D"margin: 0in 0in 8pt;"><b style=3D"mso-bidi-font-=
weight: normal;"><span style=3D"line-height: 107%; font-size: 16pt;"><font =
face=3D"Calibri"> </font></span></b></p><p><font face=3D"Times New Rom=
an" size=3D"3">
<br></font></p><div><font face=3D"Verdana" size=3D"2"></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Verdana" size=3D"2"> </font></div>
HUNTER GRAY [HUNTER BEAR/JOHN R SALTER JR] Mi'kmaq / St. Francis Abenaki / =
St. Regis Mohawk
<br>
Protected by Na=B4shdo=B4i=B4ba=B4i=B4
<br>
and Ohkwari' . Check out our massive social justice website:
<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.hunterbear.org/" target=3D"_blank">http://www.hunterb=
ear.org/</a>
<br>
<br>
Member, National Writers Union AFL-CIO
<br>
<br>
Core dimensions of my Community Organizing course:
<br>
<a href=3D"http://www.labornet.org/news/0000/hbear.htm" target=3D"_blank">h=
ttp://www.labornet.org/news/0000/hbear.htm</a>
<br>
<br>
Some early personal activist history / good people and issues:
<br>
<br>
<a href=3D"http://civilrightsnewsreleases.blogspot.com/2015/01/hinter-bear-=
maintaining-normally-high.html" target=3D"_blank">http://civilrightsnewsrel=
eases.blogspot.com/2015/01/hinter-bear-maintaining-normally-high.html</a>
<br>
<br>
My expanded/updated "Organizer's Book,"
<br>
JACKSON MISSISSIPPI -- with a new 10,000
<br>
word introduction by me. Covers much of my
<br>
confrontational social justice organizing life to
<br>
date. Contains much how-to grassroots organizing
<br>
methodology: <a href=3D"http://hunterbear.org/jackson.htm" target=3D"_blank=
">http://hunterbear.org/jackson.htm</a>
<br>
<br>
See this for mini-bio, efforts to prevent JM=92s appearance in
<br>
Mississippi, a wide range of its many reviews, and some
<br>
photos: <a href=3D"http://www.amazon.com/John-R.-Salter/e/B001KMEHWY/ref=3D=
ntt_dp_epwbk_0" target=3D"_blank">http://www.amazon.com/John-R.-Salter/e/B0=
01KMEHWY/ref=3Dntt_dp_epwbk_0</a>
<br>
<br>
The Stormy Adoption of an Indian Child [My Father]:
<br>
<a href=3D"http://hunterbear.org/James%20and%20Salter%20and%20Dad.htm" targ=
et=3D"_blank">http://hunterbear.org/James%20and%20Salter%20and%20Dad.htm</a=
>
<br>
(Photos)
<br>
</div>
</blockquote></div><br></div></tr></tbody></table>
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Posted by: "Hunter Gray" <[email protected]=
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