Re: Seeming hostility to conlang scripts?

"Mark E. Shoulson via Unicode" <[email protected]> Sun, 31 May 2026 13:05:34 -0400
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(sorry, computer been down a few days and still slowly reinstalling 
everything...)

At this point, using logic to argue this point is useless. Unicode 
doesn't care if you've got a great argument--and rightly they should 
not!  A really killer argument might be helpful if you get to a court 
case, but by then the damage has been done. There's no point in musing 
about whether or not we "should" be okay; Unicode needs more assurance 
than that (though they won't tell me quite what.)

~mark

On 5/27/26 10:14 AM, Vikki McDonough via Unicode wrote:
> (Sorry if this comes across as me just rehashing the subject, BTW, but 
> I only just now [as in, just a few minutes ago] came across the 
> below-linked material.)
>
> Didn't the U.S. Copyright Office definitively state several years back 
> that writing systems *themselves* (as distinct from the fonts used to 
> *display* those writing systems) are not copyrightable 
> (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062736/http://www.ipmall.info/hosted_resources/CopyrightAppeals/2004/Mark%20Hendricksen.pdf, 
> linked in 
> https://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2016-m11/0048.html), the 
> claims of those systems' creators to the contrary notwithstanding?
>
>
> - Vikki McDonough 🏳️‍⚧️
>
> On Wed, May 27, 2026, 8:58 AM Doug Ewell <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>     Because the nature of the uniquely hostile IP situation was not
>     fully understood until relatively recently.
>
>     —Doug
>
>
>     Sent via the Samsung Galaxy S22 Ultra 5G, an AT&T 5G smartphone
>     Get Outlook for Android <https://aka.ms/AAb9ysg>
>     ------------------------------------------------------------------------
>     *From:* Unicode <[email protected]> on behalf of
>     Vikki McDonough via Unicode <[email protected]>
>     *Sent:* Wednesday, May 27, 2026 7:54:58 AM
>     *To:* Mark E. Shoulson <[email protected]>; [email protected]
>     <[email protected]>
>     *Subject:* Re: Seeming hostility to conlang scripts?
>
>     Why, then, did Tengwar and Cirth manage to get on the SMP roadmap
>     and stay there until very recently (something *none* of the other
>     conlang scripts managed), if they faced a uniquely-hostile IP
>     situation?
>
>     - Vikki McDonough 🏳️‍⚧️
>
>     On Tue, May 26, 2026, 5:57 PM Mark E. Shoulson via Unicode
>     <[email protected]> wrote:
>
>         On 5/26/26 6:32 PM, Rebecca Bettencourt via Unicode wrote:
>         > Unicode's "hostility" to conlang scripts has actually been
>         > *decreasing* over the years. Such proposals used to be rejected
>         > outright for not being notable or not having a large enough
>         user
>         > community. That is not the case anymore. Klingon, Sitelen Pona,
>         > Tengwar, and Cirth have all actually been recognized as
>         having a large
>         > enough user community; the objections being raised now are
>         actually
>         > much more complicated issues to navigate: copyright status
>         and stability.
>         >
>         > Unicode does not want to include Klingon without a letter from
>         > Paramount's legal department stating that they will not sue
>         anyone who
>         > implements it, but Paramount simply does not care enough to
>         spend
>         > legal resources on that. Tengwar and Cirth are in the hands
>         of the
>         > Tolkien estate, which is extremely controlling about the use
>         of their
>         > intellectual property and is not going to give permission to
>         encode
>         > them. And while it's legally questionable whether a writing
>         system can
>         > actually be copyrighted, Unicode does not have the resources
>         to find out.
>
>         It should be noted, though, that the only *official* reason for
>         rejection of Klingon is still "because we don't want to be
>         associated
>         with Those Kinds of People."  The proposal to reject Klingon
>         (https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01212-RejectKlingon.html),
>         adopted by
>         Unicode (https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01183.htm) mentions
>         nothing
>         about IP problems or lack of usage.  This remains the reason
>         it is on
>         the "Not to be Encoded" list, even though (at the suggestion
>         of Ken
>         Whistler
>         https://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2016-m11/0091.html)
>         there was a proposal not to approve it, but just to remove it
>         from the
>         "No" list
>         (https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21155-klingon-req.pdf)
>         Removing it from the "Not Encoded" list would have been a way
>         to signal
>         a lessening of hostility without actually doing anything (and
>         thus
>         without running risks of IP problems.)
>
>         Has the hostility been decreasing over the years? Perhaps, even
>         probably.  There has been unofficial recognition that "lack of
>         usage" is
>         no longer a valid argument against Klingon (after a new proposal,
>         https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16329-piqad-returns.pdf
>         showed a great
>         deal of usage.)  But there still seems to be something in the
>         "dignity
>         argument" (Klingon is beneath the dignity of Unicode, because
>         only nerds
>         speak it), brought down explicitly in the Proposal to Reject
>         linked
>         above and on this mailing list
>         https://corp.unicode.org/pipermail/unicode/2021-September/009589.html
>
>         AFAIK, Sitelen Pona is, indeed, insufficiently fleshed out
>         (but I may
>         not be well-enough informed), and the Tolkien estate has come out
>         explicitly against the encoding of Cirth and Tengwar (which I
>         think
>         deserve encoding more than Klingon does, but whose IP
>         situation is
>         rather more clear against it.)
>
>         Several new writing systems which have been encoded are no
>         older than
>         some conlang scripts, like Adlam (1989), Osage (2006),
>         Signwriting
>         (1974) (and honestly, the IP status of some of them is not
>         clear either,
>         though it's definitely an issue in things like Blissymbolics
>         and I think
>         maybe Mandombe), so it clearly isn't a matter of needing to be
>         an *old*
>         established system... just an established one, and these did
>         demonstrate
>         usage and a community.
>
>         So, yeah, the hostility may be on the decline.  It's still the
>         official
>         stance, though.
>
>         ~mark
>
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    <p>(sorry, computer been down a few days and still slowly
      reinstalling everything...)</p>
    <p>At this point, using logic to argue this point is useless. 
      Unicode doesn't care if you've got a great argument--and rightly
      they should not!  A really killer argument might be helpful if you
      get to a court case, but by then the damage has been done. 
      There's no point in musing about whether or not we "should" be
      okay; Unicode needs more assurance than that (though they won't
      tell me quite what.)</p>
    <p>~mark</p>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 5/27/26 10:14 AM, Vikki McDonough
      via Unicode wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAPwTRx-KtsfcEOa8Na06LpJzBKG8wwCSENTSuHX3s00ynKiAZg@mail.gmail.com">
      <meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      <div dir="auto">
        <div>(Sorry if this comes across as me just rehashing the
          subject, BTW, but I only just now [as in, just a few minutes
          ago] came across the below-linked material.)</div>
        <div dir="auto"><br>
        </div>
        <div dir="auto">Didn't the U.S. Copyright Office definitively
          state several years back that writing systems *themselves* (as
          distinct from the fonts used to *display* those writing
          systems) are not copyrightable (<a
href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062736/http://www.ipmall.info/hosted_resources/CopyrightAppeals/2004/Mark%20Hendricksen.pdf"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://web.archive.org/web/20160304062736/http://www.ipmall.info/hosted_resources/CopyrightAppeals/2004/Mark%20Hendricksen.pdf</a>,
          linked in <a
href="https://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2016-m11/0048.html"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2016-m11/0048.html</a>),
          the claims of those systems' creators to the contrary
          notwithstanding?</div>
        <div><br>
        </div>
        <div data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
          <div dir="ltr">
            <div><br>
            </div>
            - Vikki McDonough 🏳️‍⚧️</div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <br>
      <div class="gmail_quote gmail_quote_container">
        <div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, May 27, 2026, 8:58 AM
          Doug Ewell &lt;<a href="mailto:[email protected]"
            moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">[email protected]</a>&gt;
          wrote:<br>
        </div>
        <blockquote class="gmail_quote"
style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
          <div>
            <div
style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_MSFontService,-apple-system,Roboto,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(33,33,33)"
              dir="auto">
              Because the nature of the uniquely hostile IP situation
              was not fully understood until relatively recently. </div>
            <div
style="font-family:Aptos,Aptos_MSFontService,-apple-system,Roboto,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(33,33,33)"
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              —Doug</div>
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            <div id="m_7860221623569658393divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font
                face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"
                color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Unicode &lt;<a
                  href="mailto:[email protected]"
                  target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"
                  moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">[email protected]</a>&gt;
                on behalf of Vikki McDonough via Unicode &lt;<a
                  href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank"
                  rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true"
                  class="moz-txt-link-freetext">[email protected]</a>&gt;<br>
                <b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, May 27, 2026 7:54:58 AM<br>
                <b>To:</b> Mark E. Shoulson &lt;<a
                  href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank"
                  rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true"
                  class="moz-txt-link-freetext">[email protected]</a>&gt;; <a
                  href="mailto:[email protected]" target="_blank"
                  rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true"
                  class="moz-txt-link-freetext">[email protected]</a>
                &lt;<a href="mailto:[email protected]"
                  target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"
                  moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">[email protected]</a>&gt;<br>
                <b>Subject:</b> Re: Seeming hostility to conlang
                scripts?</font>
              <div> </div>
            </div>
            <div>
              <div dir="auto">
                <div><br>
                </div>
                <div>Why, then, did Tengwar and Cirth manage to get on
                  the SMP roadmap and stay there until very recently
                  (something *none* of the other conlang scripts
                  managed), if they faced a uniquely-hostile IP
                  situation?</div>
                <div data-smartmail="gmail_signature">
                  <div dir="ltr">
                    <div><br>
                    </div>
                    - Vikki McDonough 🏳️‍⚧️</div>
                </div>
              </div>
              <br>
              <div>
                <div dir="ltr">On Tue, May 26, 2026, 5:57 PM Mark E.
                  Shoulson via Unicode &lt;<a
                    href="mailto:[email protected]"
                    target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"
                    moz-do-not-send="true" class="moz-txt-link-freetext">[email protected]</a>&gt;
                  wrote:<br>
                </div>
                <blockquote
style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
                  On 5/26/26 6:32 PM, Rebecca Bettencourt via Unicode
                  wrote:<br>
                  &gt; Unicode's "hostility" to conlang scripts has
                  actually been <br>
                  &gt; *decreasing* over the years. Such proposals used
                  to be rejected <br>
                  &gt; outright for not being notable or not having a
                  large enough user <br>
                  &gt; community. That is not the case anymore. Klingon,
                  Sitelen Pona, <br>
                  &gt; Tengwar, and Cirth have all actually been
                  recognized as having a large <br>
                  &gt; enough user community; the objections being
                  raised now are actually <br>
                  &gt; much more complicated issues to navigate:
                  copyright status and stability.<br>
                  &gt;<br>
                  &gt; Unicode does not want to include Klingon without
                  a letter from <br>
                  &gt; Paramount's legal department stating that they
                  will not sue anyone who <br>
                  &gt; implements it, but Paramount simply does not care
                  enough to spend <br>
                  &gt; legal resources on that. Tengwar and Cirth are in
                  the hands of the <br>
                  &gt; Tolkien estate, which is extremely
                  controlling about the use of their <br>
                  &gt; intellectual property and is not going to give
                  permission to encode <br>
                  &gt; them. And while it's legally questionable whether
                  a writing system can <br>
                  &gt; actually be copyrighted, Unicode does not have
                  the resources to find out.<br>
                  <br>
                  It should be noted, though, that the only *official*
                  reason for <br>
                  rejection of Klingon is still "because we don't want
                  to be associated <br>
                  with Those Kinds of People."  The proposal to reject
                  Klingon <br>
                  (<a
href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01212-RejectKlingon.html"
                    rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01212-RejectKlingon.html</a>),
                  adopted by
                  <br>
                  Unicode (<a
                    href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01183.htm"
                    rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01183.htm</a>)
                  mentions nothing
                  <br>
                  about IP problems or lack of usage.  This remains the
                  reason it is on <br>
                  the "Not to be Encoded" list, even though (at the
                  suggestion of Ken <br>
                  Whistler <a
href="https://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2016-m11/0091.html"
                    rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">
https://unicode.org/mail-arch/unicode-ml/y2016-m11/0091.html</a>) <br>
                  there was a proposal not to approve it, but just to
                  remove it from the <br>
                  "No" list (<a
href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21155-klingon-req.pdf"
                    rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2021/21155-klingon-req.pdf</a>) 
                  <br>
                  Removing it from the "Not Encoded" list would have
                  been a way to signal <br>
                  a lessening of hostility without actually doing
                  anything (and thus <br>
                  without running risks of IP problems.)<br>
                  <br>
                  Has the hostility been decreasing over the years? 
                  Perhaps, even <br>
                  probably.  There has been unofficial recognition that
                  "lack of usage" is <br>
                  no longer a valid argument against Klingon (after a
                  new proposal, <br>
                  <a
href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16329-piqad-returns.pdf"
                    rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2016/16329-piqad-returns.pdf</a>
                  showed a great
                  <br>
                  deal of usage.)  But there still seems to be something
                  in the "dignity <br>
                  argument" (Klingon is beneath the dignity of Unicode,
                  because only nerds <br>
                  speak it), brought down explicitly in the Proposal to
                  Reject linked <br>
                  above and on this mailing list <br>
                  <a
href="https://corp.unicode.org/pipermail/unicode/2021-September/009589.html"
                    rel="noreferrer noreferrer noreferrer"
                    target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"
                    class="moz-txt-link-freetext">https://corp.unicode.org/pipermail/unicode/2021-September/009589.html</a><br>
                  <br>
                  AFAIK, Sitelen Pona is, indeed, insufficiently fleshed
                  out (but I may <br>
                  not be well-enough informed), and the Tolkien estate
                  has come out <br>
                  explicitly against the encoding of Cirth and Tengwar
                  (which I think <br>
                  deserve encoding more than Klingon does, but whose IP
                  situation is <br>
                  rather more clear against it.)<br>
                  <br>
                  Several new writing systems which have been encoded
                  are no older than <br>
                  some conlang scripts, like Adlam (1989), Osage (2006),
                  Signwriting <br>
                  (1974) (and honestly, the IP status of some of them is
                  not clear either, <br>
                  though it's definitely an issue in things like
                  Blissymbolics and I think <br>
                  maybe Mandombe), so it clearly isn't a matter of
                  needing to be an *old* <br>
                  established system... just an established one, and
                  these did demonstrate <br>
                  usage and a community.<br>
                  <br>
                  So, yeah, the hostility may be on the decline.  It's
                  still the official <br>
                  stance, though.<br>
                  <br>
                  ~mark<br>
                  <br>
                </blockquote>
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